The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885)

The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885) [with accents]

The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Renascence of Hebrew Literature
(1743-1885), by Nahum Slouschz Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook.
This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission.
Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved.
**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!*****
Title: The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885)
Author: Nahum Slouschz
Release Date: February, 2005 [EBook #7530] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on May 14, 2003]
Edition: 10
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-Latin-1
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RENASCENCE HEBREW LIT. ***

Produced by Charles Aldarondo, Tiffany Vergon, Blain Nelson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.

THE RENASCENCE OF HEBREW LITERATURE (1743-1885)
BY NAHUM SLOUSCHZ
Translated from the French * * * * *
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
The modern chapter in the history of Hebrew literature herewith presented to English readers was written by Dr. Nahum Slouschz as his thesis for the doctorate at the University of Paris, and published in book form in 1902. A few years later (1906-1907), the author himself put his Essay into Hebrew, and it was brought out as a publication of the _Tushiyah_, under the title _Korot ha-Safrut ha-'Ibrit ha- Hadashah_. The Hebrew is not, however, a mere translation of the French book. The material in the latter was revised and extended, and the presentation was considerably changed, in view of the different attitude toward the subject naturally taken by Hebrew readers, as compared with a Western public, Jewish or non-Jewish.
The present English translation, which has had the benefit of the author's revision, purports to be a rendition from the French. But the Hebrew recasting of the book has been consulted at almost every point, and the Hebrew works quoted by Dr. Slouschz were resorted to directly, though, as far as seemed practicable, the translator paid regard to the author's conception and Occidentalization of the Hebrew passages revealed in his translation of them into French.
HENRIETTA SZOLD.
* * * * *
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
In Italy--Moses Hayyim Luzzatto
CHAPTER II
In Germany--The Meassefim
CHAPTER III
In Poland and Austria--The Galician School
CHAPTER IV
In Lithuania--Humanism in Russia
CHAPTER V
The Romantic Movement--Abraham Mapu
CHAPTER VI
The Emancipation Movement--The Realists
CHAPTER VII
The Conflict with Rabbinism--Judah Leon Gordon
CHAPTER VIII
Reformers and Conservatives--The Two Extremes
CHAPTER IX
The National Progressive Movement--Perez Smolenskin
CHAPTER X
The Contributors to _Ha-Shahar_
CHAPTER XI
The Novels of Smolenskin
CHAPTER XII
Contemporaneous Literature
CONCLUSION
INDEX
* * * * *
INTRODUCTION
It was long believed that Hebrew had no place among the modern languages as a literary vehicle. The circumstance that the Jews of Western countries had given up the use of their national language outside of the synagogue was not calculated to discredit the belief. The Hebrew, it was generally held, had once been alive, but now it belonged among the dead languages, in the same sense as the Greek and the Latin. And when from time to time some new work in Hebrew, or even a periodical publication, reached a library, the cataloguer classified it with theologic and Rabbinic treatises, without taking the trouble to obtain information as to the subject of the book or the purpose of the journal. In point of fact, in the large majority of cases they were far enough removed from Rabbinic controversy.
Sometimes it happened that one or another Hebraist was overcome with astonishment at the sight of a Hebrew translation of a modern author. And he stopped at that. He never went so far as to enable himself to pass judgment upon it from the critical or the literary point of view. To what purpose? he would ask himself. Hebrew has been dead these many centuries, and to use it is an anachronism. He considered it only a curiosity of literature, literary sleight of hand, nothing more.
The bare possibility of the existence of a modern literature in Hebrew seemed so strange, so improbable, that the best-informed circles refused to entertain the notion seriously--perhaps not without some semblance of a reason for their incredulity.
The history of the development of modern Hebrew literature, its character, the extraordinary conditions fostering it, its very existence, are of a sort to surprise one who has not kept in touch with the internal struggles, the intellectual currents that have agitated the Judaism of Eastern Europe in the course of the past century.
So far