The Reign of Tiberius | Page 2

He claimed his descent from the philosophic historian, whose writings
will instruct the last generations of mankind. From the assiduous study
of his immortal ancestor, he derived his knowledge of the Roman
Constitution and of human nature." This Emperor gave orders, that the
writings of Tacitus should be placed in all the public libraries; and that
ten copies should be taken annually, at the public charge.
Notwithstanding the Imperial anxiety, a valuable part of Tacitus is lost:
indeed we might argue, from the solicitude of the Emperor, as well as
from his own "distinction," that Tacitus could not be generally popular;
and, in the sixteenth century, a great portion of him was reduced to the
single manuscript, which lay hidden within a German monastery. Of
his literary works, five remain; some fairly complete, the rest in
fragments. Complete, are "The Life of Julius Agricola," "The Dialogue
on Orators," and "The Account of Germany": these are, unfortunately,
the minor works of Tacitus. His larger works are "The History," and
"The Annals." "The History" extended from the second Consulship of
Galba, in the year 69, to the murder of Domitian, in the year 96; and
Tacitus desired to write the happy times of Nerva, and of Trajan: we
are ignorant, whether infirmity or death prevented his design. Of "The
History," only four books have been preserved; and they contain the
events of a single year: a year, it is true, which, saw three civil wars,
and four Emperors destroyed; a year of crime, and accidents, and
prodigies: there are few sentences more powerful, than Tacitus'
enumeration of these calamities, in the opening chapters. The fifth book
is imperfect; it is of more than common interest to some people,
because Tacitus mentions the siege of Jerusalem by Titus; though what
he says about the Chosen People, here and elsewhere, cannot be
satisfactory to them nor gratifying to their admirers. With this fragment,
about revolts in the provinces of Gaul and Syria, "The History" ends.
"The Annals" begin with the death of Augustus, in the year 14; and
they were continued until the death of Nero, in 68. The reign of
Tiberius is nearly perfect, though the fall of Sejanus is missing out of it.

The whole of Caligula, the beginning of Claudius, and the end of Nero,
have been destroyed: to those, who know the style of Tacitus and the
lives and genius of Caligula and Nero, the loss is irreparable; and the
admirers of Juvenal must always regret, that from the hand of Tacitus
we have only the closing scene, and not the golden prime, of
Messalina.
The works of Tacitus are too great for a Camelot volume; and,
therefore, I have undertaken a selection of them. I give entire, "The
Account of Germany" and "The Life of Agricola": these works are
entertaining, and should have a particular interest for English readers. I
have added to them, the greater portion of the first six books of "The
Annals"; and I have endeavoured so to guide my choice, that it shall
present the history of Tiberius. In this my volume, the chapters are not
numbered: for the omission, I am not responsible; and I can only
lament, what I may not control. But scholars, who know their Tacitus,
will perceive what I have left out; and to those others, who are not
familiar with him, the omission can be no affront. I would say briefly,
that I have omitted some chapters, which describe criminal events and
legal tragedies in Rome: but of these, I have retained every chapter,
which preserves an action or a saying of Tiberius; and what I have
inserted is a sufficient specimen of the remainder. I have omitted many
chapters, which are occupied with wearisome disputes between the
Royal Houses of Parthia and Armenia: and I have spared my readers
the history of Tacfarinas, an obscure and tedious rebel among the
Moors; upon whose intricate proceedings Tacitus appears to have relied,
when he was at a loss for better material. To reject any part of Tacitus,
is a painful duty; because the whole of him is good and valuable: but I
trust, that I have maintained the unity of my selection, by remembering
that it is to be an history of Tiberius.
Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar, the third master of the Roman world,
derived his origin, by either parent, from the Claudian race; the
proudest family, and one of the most noble and illustrious, in the
ancient Commonwealth: the pages of Livy exhibit the generosity, the
heroism, and the disasters, of the Claudii; who were of unequal fortune
indeed, but always magnificent, in the various events of peace and war.
Suetonius enumerates, among their ancestral honours, twenty-eight
Consulships, five Dictators, seven Censorial commissions, and seven

triumphs: their cognomen of Nero, he