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Title: The Quaker Colonies, A Chronicle of the Proprietors of the Delaware
Author: Sydney G. Fisher
THIS BOOK, VOLUME 8 IN THE CHRONICLES OF AMERICA SERIES, ALLEN JOHNSON, EDITOR, WAS DONATED TO PROJECT GUTENBERG BY THE JAMES J. KELLY LIBRARY OF ST. GREGORY'S UNIVERSITY; THANKS TO ALEV AKMAN.
THE QUAKER COLONIES, A CHRONICLE OF THE PROPRIETORS OF THE DELAWARE
By Sydney G. Fisher
New Haven: Yale University Press Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Co. London: Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press
1919
CONTENTS
I. THE BIRTH OF PENNSYLVANIA II. PENN SAILS FOR THE DELAWARE III. LIFE IN PHILADELPHIA IV. TYPES OF THE POPULATION V. THE TROUBLES OF PENN AND HIS SONS VI. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR VII. THE DECLINE OF QUAKER GOVERNMENT VIII. THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW JERSEY IX. PLANTERS AND TRADERS OF SOUTHERN JERSEY X. SCOTCH COVENANTERS AND OTHERS IN EAST JERSEY XI. THE UNITED JERSEYS XII. LITTLE DELAWARE XIII. THE ENGLISH CONQUEST BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE QUAKER COLONIES

Chapter I.
The Birth Of Pennsylvania
In 1661, the year after Charles II was restored to the throne of England, William Penn was a seventeen-year-old student at Christ Church, Oxford. His father, a distinguished admiral in high favor at Court, had abandoned his erstwhile friends and had aided in restoring King Charlie to his own again. Young William was associating with the sons of the aristocracy and was receiving an education which would fit him to obtain preferment at Court. But there was a serious vein in him, and while at a high church Oxford College he was surreptitiously attending the meetings and listening to the preaching of the despised and outlawed Quakers. There he first began to hear of the plans of a group of Quakers to found colonies on the Delaware in America. Forty years afterwards he wrote, "I had an opening of joy as to these parts in the year 1661 at Oxford." And with America and the Quakers, in spite of a brief youthful experience as a soldier and a courtier, William Penn's life, as well as his fame, is indissolubly linked.
Quakerism was one of the many religious sects born in the seventeenth century under the influence of Puritan thought. The foundation principle of the Reformation, the right of private judgment, the Quakers carried out to its logical conclusion; but they were people whose minds had so long been suppressed and terrorized that, once free, they rushed to extremes. They shocked and horrified even the most advanced Reformation sects by rejecting Baptism, the doctrine of the Trinity, and all sacraments, forms, and ceremonies. They represented, on their best side, the most vigorous effort of