The Prehistoric World: or, Vanished Races | Page 6

of the deposits--The race of Paleolithic man--
Ancestors of the Eskimos--Comparison of Paleolithic Age in this
country with that in Europe--Eskimos one of the oldest races in the
World.
Chapter X.
THE MOUND BUILDERS.
Meaning of "Mound Builders"--Location of Mound Building tribes--
All Mounds not the work of men--Altar Mounds--Objects found on the

Altars--Altar Mounds possibly burial Mounds--Burial
Mounds--Mounds not the only Cemeteries of these tribes--Terraced
Mounds--Cahokia Mound--Historical notice of a group of Mounds--
The Etowal group--Signal Mounds--Effigy Mounds--How they
represented diiterent animals--Explanation of the Effigy Mounds
--Effigy Mounds in other localities--Inclosures of the Scioto Valley--At
Newark, Ohio--At Marietta, Ohio--Graded Ways-- Fortified
Inclosures--Ft. Ancient, Ohio--Inclosures of Northern Ohio--Works of
unknown import--Ancient Canals in Missouri-- Implements and
Weapons of Stone--Their knowledge of Copper-- Ancient
mining--Ornamental pipes--Their knowledge of pottery-- Of
Agriculture--Government and Religion--Hard to distinguish them from
the Indians.
Chapter XI.
THE PUEBLO COUNTRY.
Description of the Pueblo Country--Historical outline-- Description of
Zuni--Definition of a Pueblo--Old Zuni-- Inscription Rock--Pueblo of
Jemez--Historical notice of Pecos --Description of the Moqui
tribes--The Estufa--Description of the San Juan country--Aztec
Springs--In the Canyon of the McElmo--The Ruins on the Rio
Mancos--On Hovenweep Creek-- Description of a Cliff-house--Cliff
Town--Cave Houses--Ruins on the San Juan--Cave Town--The
Significance of Cliff-houses-- Moqui traditions--Ruins in Northern
New Mexico--Ruins in the Chaco Canyon--Pueblo Bonito--Ruins in
South-western Arizona-- The Rio Verde Valley--Casa Grande--Ruins
on the Gila--Culture of the Pueblo Tribes--Their Pottery--Superiority of
the Ancient pottery--Conclusion.
Chapter XII.
THE PREHISTORIC AMERICANS.
Different views on this Subject--Modern System of Government--
Ancient System of Government--Tribal Government universal in North

America--The Indians not Wandering Nomads--Indian houses
Communal in character--Indian Methods of Defense--Mandan
Villages--Indians sometimes erected Mounds--Probable Government of
the Mound Builders--Traditions of the Mound Builders among the
Iroquois--Among the Delawares--Probable fate of the Mound
Builders--The Natchez Indians possibly a remnant of the Mound
Builders--Their early Traditions--Lines of resemblance between the
Pueblo Tribes and the Mound Builders--The origin of the
Indians--America Inhabited by the Indians from a very early
time--Classification of the Indian Tribes--Antiquity of the Indian
Tribes.
Chapter XIII.
THE NAHUA TRIBES.
Early Spanish discoveries in Mexico--The Nahua tribes defined--
Climate of Mexico--The Valley of Anahuac--Ruins at Tezcuco--The
Hill of Tezcocingo--Ruins at Teotihuacan--Ancient Tulla--Ruins in the
Province of Querataro--Casa Grandes in Chihuahua--Ancient remains
in Sinaloa--Fortified Hill of Quemada--The Pyramid of
Cholula--Fortified Hill at Xochicalco--Its probable use--Ruins at Monte
Alban--Ancient remains at Mitla--Mr. Bandelier's
investigations--Traditions in regard to Mitla--Ruins along the Panuco
River--Ruins in Vera Cruz--Pyramid of Papantla--Tusapan-- Character
of Nahua Ruins.
Chapter XIV.
THE MAYA TRIBES.
The geographical location of the Maya tribes--Description of
Copan--Statue at Copan--Altar at Copan--Ruins at Quiriga--
Patinamit--Utatlan--Description of Palenque--The Palace at
Palenque--The Temple of the Three Inscriptions--Temple of the
Beau-relief--Temple of the Cross--Temple of the Sun--Maler's Temple
of the Cross--Significance of the Palenque crosses-- Statue at

Palenque--Other ruins in Tobasco and Chiapas--Ruins in
Yucatan--Uxmal--The Governor's House--The Nunnery--Room in
Nunnery--The Sculptured Facades--Temple at Uxmal--Kabah--Zayi--
Labna--Labphak--Chichen-Itza--The Nunnery--The Castillo--The
Gymnasium--M. Le Plongon's researches--The tradition of the Three
Brothers--Chaac-Mal--Antiquity of Chichen-Itza.
Chapter XV.
THE CULTURE OF THE CIVILIZED TRIBES.
Different views on this question--Reasons for the same--Their
architecture--Different styles of houses--The communal house--The
teepan--The teocalli--State of society indicated by this
architecture--The gens among the Mexicans--The phratry among the
Mexicans--The tribe--The powers and duties of the council--The head
chiefs of the tribe--The duties of the "Chief-of-men"--The mistake of
the Spaniards--The Confederacy-- The idea of property among the
Mexicans--The ownership of land-- Their laws--Enforcement of the
laws--Outline of the growth of the Mexicans in power--Their tribute
system--How collected-- Their system of trade--Slight knowledge of
metallurgy--Religion --Quetzalcohuatl--Huitzilopochtli--Mexican
priesthood-- Human sacrifice--The system of Numeration--The
calendar system-- The Calendar Stone--Picture-writing--Landa
Alphabet-- Historical outline.
Chapter XVI.
ANCIENT PERU.
First knowledge of Peru--Expeditions of Pizarro--Geography of
Peru--But a small part of it inhabitable--The tribes of ancient
Peru--How classified--Sources of our knowledge of Peru-- Garcillaso
De La Vega--Origin of Peruvian civilization--The Bolson of
Cuzco--Historical outline--Their culture--Divided into phratries and
gentes--Government--Efforts to unite the various tribes--Their system
of colonies--The roads of the Incas--The ruins of Chimu--The arts of

the Chimu people--The manufacture of Pottery--Excavation at
Ancon--Ruins in the Huatica Valley--The construction of a Huaca--The
ruins at Pachacamac--The Valley of the Canete--The Chincha
Islands--Tiahuanuco--Carved gateway--The Island of
Titicaca--Chulpas--Aboriginal Cuzco--Temple of the Sun--The
Fortress--General remarks.
END OF CONTENTS*****************

The Prehistoric World: or, Vanished Races by E. A. Allen
Processed by D.R. Thompson [email protected]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Pyramids and Sphinx. 2. Paleozoic Forest. 3. The Pterodactyl. 4.
Ichthyosauri. 5. The Labyrinthodon. 6. The Paleotherium. 7. Miocene
Mammals. 8. Cut Bones of a Whale. 9. Mastodon. 10. Map of Europe.
11. Scratched Stone. 12. Interglacial Bed. 13. Paleolithic Flints. 14.
Flint Implements. 15. Section of Gravel-pit. 16. Paleolithic Flint,
England. 17. Flint Flakes. 18. Spear-head Type. 19. Hatchet Type. 20.
Neanderthal Man. 21. Gailenreuth. 22. Spear-head, Lower Breccia,
Kent's Cavern. 23. Spear-head, Cave-earth, Kent's Cavern. 24. Flake,
Cave-earth, Kent's Cavern. 25. Harpoon, Pin, Awl, and Needle, Kent's
Cavern. 26. Robin