The Prehistoric World: or, Vanished Races | Page 5

the presence of man-- Discussion on the Thenay flints--The Pliocene Age--Animal and vegetable life of this age--Was man present during this age?-- Discussion of this subject--Summing up of the evidence-- Conclusion.
Chapter III.
MEN OF THE RIVER DRIFT.
Beginning of the Glacial Age--Interglacial Age--Man living in Europe during this age--Map of Europe--Proof of former elevation of land--The animals living in Europe during this age --Conclusions drawn from these different animals--The vegetation of this period--Different climatic conditions of Europe during the Glacial Age--Proofs of the Glacial Age--Extent of Glacial Ice--Evidence of warm Interglacial Age--The primitive state of man--Early English civilization--Views of Horace--Primitive man destitute of metals--Order in which different materials were used by man for weapons--Evidence from the River Somme--History of Boucher De Perthes's investigations. Discussion of the subject--Antiquity of these remains--Improvement during the Paleolithic Age--Description of the flint implements--Other countries where these implements are found--What race of men were these tribes--The Canstadt race--Mr. Dawkins's views--When did they first appear in Europe? The authorities on this question--Conclusion.
Chapter IV.
CAVE-MEN.
Other sources of information--History of cave explorations--The formation of caves--Exploration in Kent's Cavern--Evidence of two different races--The higher culture of the later race-- Evidence of prolonged time--Exploration of Robin Hood Cave--Explorations in Valley of the River Meuse--M. Dupont's conclusions--Explorations in the Valley of the Dordogne--The station at Schussenreid--Cave-men not found south of the Alps-- Habitations of the Cave-men--Cave-men were hunters--methods of cooking--Destitute of the potter's art--Their weapons--Clothing --Their skill in drawing--Evidence of a government--Of a religious belief--Race of the Cave-men--Distinet from the Men of the Drift--Probable connection with the Eskimos.
Chapter V.
ANTIQUITY OF THE PALEOLITHIC AGE.
Interest in the Antiquity of man--Connected with the Glacial Age--The subject difficult--Proofs of a Glacial Age--State of Greenland to-day--The Terminal Moraine--Appearance of the North Atlantic--Interglacial Age--Causes of the Glacial Age--Croll's Theory--Geographical causes--The two theories not antagonistic-- The date of the Glacial Age--Probable length of the Paleolithic Age--Time Since the close of the Glacial Age--Summary of results.
Chapter VI.
THE NEOLITHIC AGE IN EUROPE.
Close of the first cycle--Neolithic culture connected with the present--No links between the two ages--Long lapse of time between the two ages--Swiss lake villages--This form of villages widely scattered--Irish cranogs--Fortified villages--Implements and weapons of Neolithic times--Possessed of pottery--Neolithic agriculture--Possessed of domestic animals--Danish shell-heaps-- Importance of flint--The art of navigation--Neolithic clothing-- Their mode of burial--The question of race--Possible remnants-- Connection with the Turanian race--Arrival of the Celts.
Chapter VII.
THE BRONZE AGE IN EUROPE.
Races of Men, like Individuals--Gradual change of Neolithic Age to that of Bronze--The Aryan family--First Aryans Neolithic-- Origin of Bronze--How Great discoveries are made--Gold the first metal--Copper abundant--No Copper Age--The discovery of Tin-- Explanation of an Alloy--Bronze, wherever found, the same composition--What is meant by the Bronze Age--Knowledge in other directions--Gradual Growth of Culture--Three Centers of Bronze production--Habitations during the Bronze Age--The Bronze Ax-- Implements of Bronze--Personal ornaments--Ornaments not always made of Bronze--Advance in Arts of living--Advance in Agriculture--Warlike Weapons--How they worked Bronze--Advance in Government--Trade in the Bronze Age--Religion of the Bronze Age --Symbolical figures--Temples of the Bronze Age--Stonehenge.
Chapter VIII.
THE IRON AGE IN EUROPE. Bronze not the best metal--Difficulties attending the discovery of Iron--Probable steps in this discovery--Where this discovery was first made--Known in Ancient Egypt--How this knowledge would spread--Iron would not drive out Bronze--The primitive Iron- worker--The advance in government--Pottery and ornaments of the Iron Age--Weapons of early Iron Age--The battle-field of Tilfenau--Trade of early Iron Age--Invention of Money--Invention of Alphabetic Writing--Invasion of the Germanic Tribes--The cause of the Dark Ages--Connection of these three ages-- Necessity of believing in an Extended Past--Attempts to determine the same--Tiniere Delta--Lake Bienne--British Fen-lands--Maximum and Minimum Data--Mr. Geikie's conclusions-- The Isolation of the paleolithic Age.
Chapter IX.
EARLY MAN IN AMERICA.
Conflicting accounts of the American Aborigines--Recent discoveries--Climate of California in Tertiary Times--Geological changes near its close--Description of Table Mountain--Results of the discoveries there--The Calaveras skull--Other relics-- Discussion of the question--Early Californians Neolithic-- Explanation of this--Date of the Pliocene Age--Other discoveries bearing on the Antiquity of man--Dr. Koch's discovery-- Discoveries in the Loess of Nebraska--In Greene County, Ill.-- In Georgia--Difficulties in detecting a Paleolithic Age in this country--Dr. Abbott's discoveries--Paleolithic Implements of the Delaware--Age of the deposits--The race of Paleolithic man-- Ancestors of the Eskimos--Comparison of Paleolithic Age in this country with that in Europe--Eskimos one of the oldest races in the World.
Chapter X.
THE MOUND BUILDERS.
Meaning of "Mound Builders"--Location of Mound Building tribes-- All Mounds not the work of men--Altar Mounds--Objects found on the Altars--Altar Mounds possibly burial Mounds--Burial Mounds--Mounds not the only Cemeteries of these tribes--Terraced Mounds--Cahokia Mound--Historical notice of a group of Mounds-- The Etowal group--Signal Mounds--Effigy Mounds--How they represented diiterent animals--Explanation of the Effigy Mounds --Effigy Mounds in other localities--Inclosures of the Scioto Valley--At Newark, Ohio--At Marietta, Ohio--Graded Ways-- Fortified Inclosures--Ft. Ancient, Ohio--Inclosures of Northern Ohio--Works of unknown import--Ancient Canals in Missouri-- Implements and Weapons of Stone--Their knowledge of Copper-- Ancient mining--Ornamental pipes--Their knowledge of pottery-- Of Agriculture--Government and Religion--Hard to distinguish them from the Indians.
Chapter XI.
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