Keigwin--Broken pledges and ill-treatment--Directors' vacillating policy--Military grievances--Keigwin seizes the administration of Bombay--His wise rule--Makes his submission to the Crown--Low status of Company's military officers--Lord Egmont's speech--Factors and writers as generals and colonels--Bad quality of the common soldiers--Their bad treatment--Complaint against Midford--Directors' parsimony ...
CHAPTER VI
EXPEDITION AGAINST KENNERY
Sivajee's occupation of Kennery--A naval action--Minchin and Keigwin--Bombay threatened--The Seedee intervenes--Conajee Angria occupies Kennery--Boone sails with the expedition--Manuel de Castro--Futile proceedings--Force landed and repulsed--Second landing--Manuel de Castro's treachery--Gideon Russell--Bad behaviour of two captains--Defeat--Attack abandoned--The St. George--The Phram--Manuel de Castro punished--Bombay wall completed--Angria makes overtures for peace--Boone outwitted ...
CHAPTER VII
EXPEDITION AGAINST GHERIAH
Trouble with the Portuguese--Madagascar pirates again--Loss of the Cassandra--Captain Macrae's brave defence--The one-legged pirate--Richard Lazenby--Expedition against Gheriah--Mr. Walter Brown--His incompetency--Gordon's landing--Insubordination and drunkenness--Arrival of the Phram--General attack--Failure--The Kempsant's alliance--Attack on Deoghur--The Madagascar pirates, England and Taylor--Ignominious flight--Fate of the Phram--Brown despatched south again--The pirates at Cochin--They take flight to Madagascar--Their rage against Macrae and England--England marooned--Taylor takes Goa ship--Rich prize--Governor Macrae ...
CHAPTER VIII
EXPEDITION AGAINST COLABA
Measures taken in England against pirates--Woodes Rogers at the Bahamas--Edward Teach--Challoner Ogle--Bartholomew Roberts killed--Matthews sent to the East Indies--Naval officers' duels--Portuguese alliance--Expedition against Colaba--Assault--Defeat--A split in the alliance--Plot against Boone--His departure--Matthews' schemes--His insulting behaviour--He quarrels with everybody--Goes to Madagascar--The King of Ranter Bay--Matthews goes to Bengal ...
CHAPTER IX
A TROUBLED YEAR IN BOMBAY
Loss of the Hunter galley--Quarrel with Portuguese--Alliance of Portuguese with Angria--War with both--A double triumph--Portuguese make peace--Angria cowed--Matthews reappears--Trouble caused by him--He returns to England--Court-martialled--The last of Matthews ...
CHAPTER X
TWENTY-SIX YEARS OF CONFLICT
The case of Mr. Curgenven--Death of Conajee Angria--Quarrels of his sons--Portuguese intervention--Sumbhajee Angria--Political changes--Disaster to Bombay and Bengal galleys--The Ockham beats off Angria's fleet--The Coolees--Loss of the Derby--Mahrattas expel Portuguese from Salsette--Captain Inchbird--Mannajee Angria gives trouble--Dutch squadron repulsed from Gheriah--Gallant action of the Harrington--Sumbhajee attacks Colaba--English assist Mannajee--Loss of the Antelope--Death of Sumbhajee Angria--Toolajee Angria--Capture of the Anson--Toolajee takes the Restoration--Power of Toolajee--Lisle's squadron--Building of the Protector and Guardian ...
CHAPTER XI
THE DOWNFALL OF ANGRIA
Toolajee fights successful action with the Dutch--He tries to make peace with Bombay--Alliance formed against him--Commodore William James--Slackness of the Peishwa's fleet--Severndroog--James's gallant attack--Fall of Severndroog--Council postpone attack on Gheriah--Clive arrives from England--Projects of the Directors--Admiral Watson--Preparations against Gheriah--The Council's instructions--Council of war about prize-money--Double dealing of the Peishwa's officers--Watson's hint--Ships engage Gheriah--Angrian fleet burnt--Fall of Gheriah--Clive occupies the fort--The prize-money--Dispute between Council and Poonah Durbar--Extinction of coast piracy--Severndroog tower ...
* * * * *
AN ENGLISHWOMAN IN INDIA TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAHRATTA GRABS AND GALLIVATS ATTACKING AN ENGLISH SHIP. MAP OF MALABAR COAST.
* * * * *
THE PIRATES OF MALABAR
CHAPTER I
RISE OF EUROPEAN PIRACY IN THE EAST
Portuguese pirates--Vincente Sodre--Dutch pirates--Royal filibustering--Endymion Porter's venture--The Courten Association--The Indian Red Sea fleet--John Hand--Odium excited against the English in Surat--The Caesar attacked by French pirates--Danish depredations--West Indian pirates--Ovington's narrative--Interlopers and permission ships--Embargo placed on English trade--Rovers trapped at Mungrole--John Steel--Every seizes the Charles the Second and turns pirate--His letter to English commanders--The Madagascar settlements--Libertatia--Fate of Sawbridge--Capture of the Gunj Suwaie--Immense booty--Danger of the English at Surat--Bombay threatened--Friendly behaviour of the Surat Governor--Embargo on European trade--Every sails for America--His reputed end--Great increase of piracy--Mutiny of the Mocha and Josiah crews--Culliford in the Resolution--The London seized by Imaum of Muscat.
From the first days of European enterprise in the East, the coasts of India were regarded as a favourable field for filibusters, the earliest we hear of being Vincente Sodre, a companion of Vasco da Gama in his second voyage. Intercourse with heathens and idolaters was regulated according to a different code of ethics from that applied to intercourse with Christians. The authority of the Old Testament upheld slavery, and Africans were regarded more as cattle than human beings; while Asiatics were classed higher, but still as immeasurably inferior to Europeans. To prey upon Mahommedan ships was simply to pursue in other waters the chronic warfare carried on against Moors and Turks in the Mediterranean. The same feelings that led the Spaniards to adopt the standard of the Cross in their conquest of Mexico and Peru were present, though less openly avowed, in the minds of the merchants and adventurers of all classes and nationalities who flocked into the Indian seas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. With the decadence of buccaneering and the growth of Indian trade, there was a corresponding increase of piracy, and European traders ceased to enjoy immunity.
In 1623 the depredations of the Dutch brought the English into disgrace. Their warehouses at Surat were seized, and the president and factors were placed in irons, in which condition they remained seven months. This grievance was the greater, as it happened at the time that the cruel torture and execution of Captain Towerson and his crew by the Dutch took place at Amboyna. It was bad enough to be made responsible for the doings of their own countrymen, but to be punished for the misdeeds of their enemies was a
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