The Philippine Islands | Page 7

Southern ports. 626 Need of roads. Railway projects. 627
The carrying-trade. The Shipping Law. Revenue and Expenditure. 628
The Internal Revenue Law. Enormous increase in cost of living. 630
"The Democratic Labour Union." The Chinese Exclusion Act. 632
Social position of the Chinese in the Islands since 1898. 634 The new
Philippine currency (Peso Conant). 635 American Banks. The
commercial policy of the future. 637 Trade Statistics. Total Import and
Export values. Hemp shipments. 639 Total Chief Exports. Total Sugar
Export. 640 Tobacco, Cigar, and Coprah shipments. Values of Coprah
and Cocoanut-oil. 644 Sapan-wood, Gum Mastic, and Coffee
shipments. 646 Gold and Silver Imports and Exports. Tonnage.
Exchange. 647 Proportionate table of Total Exports. 648 Proportionate
table of Total Imports. 649 Proportionate table of Staple Exports and
Rice Imports. 650

Chronological Table of Leading Events. 651
Index. 655

List of Illustrations

The Author Frontispiece Taal Volcano Facing 16 Mavon Volcano 16
Effect of the Hurricane of September 26, 1905 23 A Negrito Family 120
An Igorrote Type (Luzon) 128 A Pagan Type (Mindanao) 128 A
Tagálog Girl 128 Moro Weapons 132 A Scene in the Moro Country
148 Zamboanga Fortress ("Fuerza del Pilar") 148 A Visayan Girl 164
A Tagálog Girl 164 A Visayan Planter 172 A Chinese Half-caste 172 A
Tagálog Milkwoman 182 A Tagálog Townsman 182 Middle-class
Tagálog Natives 196 A Spanish-Mexican Galleon 244 A Canoe 244 A
Casco (Sailing-barge) 244 A Prahu (Sailing-canoe) 244 A Sugar-estate
House, Southern Philippines 275 Shipping Hemp in the Provinces 288
Botanical Specimen 321 Botanical Specimen 322 Botanical Specimen
Facing 323 Botanical Specimen 324 The Old Walls of Manila City 344
La Escolta in the Business Quarter of Manila 347 A Riverside
Washing-scene 359 Dr. José Rizal 381 Don Felipe Agoncillo 381
General Emilio Aguinaldo 396 Don Pedro a Paterno 396 Admiral
Patricio Montojo 430 Admiral George Dewey 430 General Basilio
Augusti 430 Maj.-General Wesley Merritt 430 Archbishop Bernardino
Nozaleda 430 Tagálog Bowie-knives and Weapons 485 A Pandita
(Mahometan Priest) 534
Rajahmudah Datto Mandi and Wife 534 Santa
Cruz Church (Manila Suburb) 559 Panglima Hassan (of Sulu) 584 A
Mindanao Datto and Suite 584 The Rt. Rev. Bishop Gregorio Aglípay
604 A Roadside Scene in Bulacan Province 627
Maps
The Province of Cavite 371 Map of the Archipelago at the end

Introduction
"Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice." Othello, Act V., Sc.
2.

During the three centuries and a quarter of more or less effective
Spanish dominion, this Archipelago never ranked above the most
primitive of colonial possessions.

That powerful nation which in centuries gone by was built up by
Iberians, Celts, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Visigoths, Romans, and
Arabs was in its zenith of glory when the conquering spirit and
dauntless energy of its people led them to gallant enterprises of
discovery which astonished the civilized world. Whatever may have
been the incentive which impelled the Spanish monarchs to encourage
the conquest of these Islands, there can, at least, be no doubt as to the
earnestness of the individuals entrusted to carry out the royal will. The
nerve and muscle of chivalrous Spain ploughing through a wide
unknown ocean in quest of glory and adventure, the unswerving
devotion of the ecclesiastics to the cause of Catholic supremacy, each
bearing intense privations, cannot fail to excite the wonder of
succeeding generations. But they were satisfied with conquering and
leaving unimproved their conquests, for whilst only a small fraction of
this Archipelago was subdued, millions of dollars and hundreds of lives
were expended in futile attempts at conquest in Gamboge, Siam, Pegu,
Moluccas, Borneo, Japan, etc.--and for all these toils there came no
reward, not even the sterile laurels of victory. The Manila seat of
government had not been founded five years when the
Governor-General solicited royal permission to conquer China!
Extension of dominion seized them like a mania. Had they followed up
their discoveries by progressive social enlightenment, by
encouragement to commerce, by the concentration of their efforts in the
development of the territory and the new resources already under their
sway, half the money and energy squandered on fruitless and inglorious
expeditions would have sufficed to make high roads crossing and
recrossing the Islands; tenfold wealth would have accrued; civilization
would have followed as a natural consequence; and they would,
perhaps even to this day, have preserved the loyalty of those who
struggled for and obtained freer institutions. But they had elected to
follow the principles of that religious age, and all we can credit them
with is the conversion of millions to Christianity and the consequent
civility at the expense of cherished liberty, for ever on the track of that
fearless band of warriors followed the monk, ready to pass the breach
opened for him by the sword, to conclude the conquest by the
persuasive influence of the