The Philippine Islands | Page 2

on the sacred institution of the Church.
I take this opportunity of acknowledging, with gratitude, my
indebtedness to Governor-General Luke E. Wright, Major-General
Leonard Wood, Colonel Philip Reade, Major Hugh L. Scott, Captain
E. N. Jones, Captain C. H. Martin, Captain Henry C. Cabell, Captain
George Bennett, Captain John P. Finley, Dr. David P. Barrows, Mr.
Tobias Eppstein, and many others too numerous to mention, who gave
me such valuable and cordial assistance in my recent investigations
throughout the Archipelago.
This book is not written to promote the interests of any person or party,
and so far as is consistent with guiding the reader to a fair appreciation
of the facts recorded, controversial comment has been avoided, for to
pronounce a just dictum on the multifarious questions involved would
demand a catholicity of judgement never concentrated in the brain of a
single human being.
I am persuaded to believe that the bare truth, unvarnished by flattery,
will be acceptable to the majority, amongst whom may be counted all
those educated Americans whose impartiality is superior to their
personal interest in the subject at issue.
It is therefore confidently hoped that the present Edition may merit that
approval from readers of English which has been so graciously
accorded to the previous ones.

J. F. September, 1905.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter I
General Description of the Archipelago
Geographical features of the Islands. Limits. Mountains. 13 Rivers.
Lakes. Volcanoes. Eruptions of the Mayon and Taal Volcanoes. 14
Monsoons. Seasons. Temperature. Rains. Climate. Earthquakes. 22

Chapter II
Discovery of the Archipelago
Hernando de Maghallanes. Treaty of Tordesillas. 24 Discovery of
Magellan Straits and the Ladrone Islands. 27 Death of Maghallanes.
Elcano's voyage round the world. 28 The Loaisa expedition. The
Villalobos expedition. Andrés de Urdaneta. 31 Miguel de Legaspi; his
expedition; he reaches Cebú; dethrones King Tupas. 33 Manila is
proclaimed the capital of the Archipelago. 36 Martin de Goiti. Juan
Salcedo. Native Local Government initiated. 37

Chapter III
Philippine Dependencies, Up To 1898
The Ladrone, Caroline, and Pelew Islands. 39 First mission to the
Ladrone Islands. Pelew Islanders. Caroline Islanders. 40 Spain's
possession of the Caroline Islands disputed by Germany. 44 Posadillo,
Governor of the Caroline Islands, is murdered. 45 The Ladrone,

Caroline, and Pelew Islands (except Guam) sold to Germany. 46

Chapter IV
Attempted Conquest by Chinese
Li-ma-hong, a Chinese corsair, attacks Manila. 47 He settles in
Pangasinán; evacuates the Islands. 49 Rivalry of lay and Monastic
authorities. Philip II.'s decree of Reforms. 51 Manila Cathedral founded.
Mendicant friars. Archbishopric created. 55 Supreme Court suppressed
and re-established. Church and State contentions. 57 Murder of
Gov.-General Bustamente Bustillo. The monks in open riot. 60

Chapter V
Early Relations with Japan
The Catholic Missions
The Emperor of Japan demands the surrender of the Islands. 63 Fray
Pedro Bautista's mission; he and 25 others are crucified. 65 Jesuit and
Franciscan jealousy. The martyrs' mortal remains lost at sea. 67
Emperor Taycosama explains his policy. Further missions and
executions. 68 Missionary martyrs declared saints. Emperor of Japan
sends a shipment of lepers. 70 Spaniards expelled from Formosa by the
Dutch. Missions to Japan abandoned. 71

Chapter VI
Conflicts with the Dutch
The Spanish expedition to the Moluccas fails. 72 Chinese mutiny,
murder the Spanish leader, and take the ship to Cochin China. 73
Expeditions of Bravo de Acuna and Pedro de Heredia. Battle of Playa

Honda. 74 Koxinga, a Chinese adventurer, threatens to attack the
Colony. 76 Vittorio Riccio, an Italian monk, visits Manila as Koxinga's
ambassador. 77 Chinese goaded to rebellion; great massacre. 77
Vicissitudes of Govs.-General. Defalcations. Impeachments. 78
Gov.-General Fajardo de Tua kills his wife and her paramour. 80
Separation of Portugal and Spain (1640). Spanish failure to capture
Macao. 81 Nunneries. Mother Cecilia's love adventures. Santa Clara
Convent. 81 The High Host is stolen. Inquisition. Letter of Anathema.
82 The Spanish Prime Minister Valenzuela is banished to Cavite. 83
Monseigneur Maillard de Tournon, the Papal Legate. 84 His arrogance
and eccentricities; he dies in prison at Macao. 85 Question of the
Regium exequatur. Philip V.'s edict of punishments. 86

Chapter VII
British Occupation of Manila
Coalition of France and Spain against England by the "Family
Compact." 87 Simon de Anda y Salazár usurps the
Archbishop-Governor's authority. 88 British bombard Manila.
Archbishop-Governor Rojo capitulates. 89 British in possession of the
City. Sack and pillage. Agreed Indemnity. 90 Simon de Anda y Salazár
defies Governor Rojo and declares war. 91 British carry war into the
provinces. Bustos opposes them. 92 Bustos completely routed. Chinese
take the British side. 93 Massacre of Chinese. Villa Corta's fate. The
Philipino treasure. 94 Simon de Anda y Salazár offers rewards for
British heads. 95 Austin friars on battle-fields. Peace of Paris (Feb. 10,
1763). 96 Archbishop-Governor Rojo dies. La Torre appointed
Gov.-General. 97