The Philippine Islands | Page 2

C.?H. Martin, Captain Henry C. Cabell, Captain George Bennett, Captain John P. Finley, Dr. David P. Barrows, Mr. Tobias Eppstein, and many others too numerous to mention, who gave me such valuable and cordial assistance in my recent investigations throughout the Archipelago.
This book is not written to promote the interests of any person or party, and so far as is consistent with guiding the reader to a fair appreciation of the facts recorded, controversial comment has been avoided, for to pronounce a just dictum on the multifarious questions involved would demand a catholicity of judgement never concentrated in the brain of a single human being.
I am persuaded to believe that the bare truth, unvarnished by flattery, will be acceptable to the majority, amongst whom may be counted all those educated Americans whose impartiality is superior to their personal interest in the subject at issue.
It is therefore confidently hoped that the present Edition may merit that approval from readers of English which has been so graciously accorded to the previous ones.
J.?F. September, 1905.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter I
General Description of the Archipelago
Geographical features of the Islands. Limits. Mountains. 13 Rivers. Lakes. Volcanoes. Eruptions of the Mayon and Taal Volcanoes. 14 Monsoons. Seasons. Temperature. Rains. Climate. Earthquakes. 22

Chapter II
Discovery of the Archipelago
Hernando de Maghallanes. Treaty of Tordesillas. 24 Discovery of Magellan Straits and the Ladrone Islands. 27 Death of Maghallanes. Elcano's voyage round the world. 28 The Loaisa expedition. The Villalobos expedition. Andrés de Urdaneta. 31 Miguel de Legaspi; his expedition; he reaches Cebú; dethrones King Tupas. 33 Manila is proclaimed the capital of the Archipelago. 36 Martin de Goiti. Juan Salcedo. Native Local Government initiated. 37

Chapter III
Philippine Dependencies, Up To 1898
The Ladrone, Caroline, and Pelew Islands. 39 First mission to the Ladrone Islands. Pelew Islanders. Caroline Islanders. 40 Spain's possession of the Caroline Islands disputed by Germany. 44 Posadillo, Governor of the Caroline Islands, is murdered. 45 The Ladrone, Caroline, and Pelew Islands (except Guam) sold to Germany. 46

Chapter IV
Attempted Conquest by Chinese
Li-ma-hong, a Chinese corsair, attacks Manila. 47 He settles in Pangasinán; evacuates the Islands. 49 Rivalry of lay and Monastic authorities. Philip II.'s decree of Reforms. 51 Manila Cathedral founded. Mendicant friars. Archbishopric created. 55 Supreme Court suppressed and re-established. Church and State contentions. 57 Murder of Gov.-General Bustamente Bustillo. The monks in open riot. 60

Chapter V
Early Relations with Japan
The Catholic Missions
The Emperor of Japan demands the surrender of the Islands. 63 Fray Pedro Bautista's mission; he and 25 others are crucified. 65 Jesuit and Franciscan jealousy. The martyrs' mortal remains lost at sea. 67 Emperor Taycosama explains his policy. Further missions and executions. 68 Missionary martyrs declared saints. Emperor of Japan sends a shipment of lepers. 70 Spaniards expelled from Formosa by the Dutch. Missions to Japan abandoned. 71

Chapter VI
Conflicts with the Dutch
The Spanish expedition to the Moluccas fails. 72 Chinese mutiny, murder the Spanish leader, and take the ship to Cochin China. 73 Expeditions of Bravo de Acuna and Pedro de Heredia. Battle of Playa Honda. 74 Koxinga, a Chinese adventurer, threatens to attack the Colony. 76 Vittorio Riccio, an Italian monk, visits Manila as Koxinga's ambassador. 77 Chinese goaded to rebellion; great massacre. 77 Vicissitudes of Govs.-General. Defalcations. Impeachments. 78 Gov.-General Fajardo de Tua kills his wife and her paramour. 80 Separation of Portugal and Spain (1640). Spanish failure to capture Macao. 81 Nunneries. Mother Cecilia's love adventures. Santa Clara Convent. 81 The High Host is stolen. Inquisition. Letter of Anathema. 82 The Spanish Prime Minister Valenzuela is banished to Cavite. 83 Monseigneur Maillard de Tournon, the Papal Legate. 84 His arrogance and eccentricities; he dies in prison at Macao. 85 Question of the Regium exequatur. Philip V.'s edict of punishments. 86

Chapter VII
British Occupation of Manila
Coalition of France and Spain against England by the "Family Compact." 87 Simon de Anda y Salazár usurps the Archbishop-Governor's authority. 88 British bombard Manila. Archbishop-Governor Rojo capitulates. 89 British in possession of the City. Sack and pillage. Agreed Indemnity. 90 Simon de Anda y Salazár defies Governor Rojo and declares war. 91 British carry war into the provinces. Bustos opposes them. 92 Bustos completely routed. Chinese take the British side. 93 Massacre of Chinese. Villa Corta's fate. The Philipino treasure. 94 Simon de Anda y Salazár offers rewards for British heads. 95 Austin friars on battle-fields. Peace of Paris (Feb. 10, 1763). 96 Archbishop-Governor Rojo dies. La Torre appointed Gov.-General. 97 British evacuate Manila. La Torre allows Anda to receive back the City. 98 Anda goes to Spain; is rewarded by the King; returns as Gov.-General. 99 Anda is in conflict with the out-going Governor, the Jesuits, and the friars. 99 Anda dies in hospital (1776). His burial-place and monument. 100 Rebellion succeeds the war. Ilocos Rebellion led by Diego de Silan. 100 Revolt in Bojol Island led by Dagóhoy. 101 Revolts