The New Frontiers of Freedom from the Alps to the Ægean | Page 2

shown me by His Majesty
King Nicholas of Montenegro, and my grateful thanks are also due to
His Excellency General A. Gvosdenovitch, Aide-de-Camp to the King
and former Minister of Montenegro to the United States.
For the trouble to which they put themselves in facilitating my visit to
Jugoslavia I am deeply grateful to His Excellency M. Grouitch,
Minister from the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the
United States, and to His Excellency M. Vesnitch, the Jugoslav
Minister to France.
From the long list of our own country-people abroad to whom we are
indebted for hospitality and kindness, I wish particularly to thank the
Honorable Thomas Nelson Page, formerly American Ambassador to
Italy; the Honorable Percival Dodge, American Minister to the
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; the Honorable Gabriel Bie

Ravndal, American Commissioner and Consul-General in
Constantinople; the Honorable Francis B. Keene, American
Consul-General in Rome; Colonel Halsey Yates, U.S.A., American
Military Attaché at Bucharest; Lieutenant-Colonel L.G. Ament, U.S.A.,
Director of the American Relief Administration in Rumania, who was
our host during our stay in Bucharest, as was Major Carey of the
American Red Cross during our visit in Salonika; Dr. Frances Flood,
Director of the American Red Cross Hospital in Monastir, and Mrs.
Mary Halsey Moran, in charge of American relief work in Constantza,
in whose hospitable homes we found a warm welcome during our stays
in those cities; Reverend and Mrs. Phineas Kennedy of Koritza,
Albania; Dr. Henry King, President of Oberlin College, and Charles R.
Crane, Esquire, of the Commission on Mandates in the Near East; Dr.
Fisher, Professor of Modern History at Robert College, Constantinople;
and finally of three friends in Rome, Mr. Cortese, representative in
Italy of the Associated Press; Dr. Webb, founder and director of the
hospital for facial wounds at Udine; and Nelson Gay, Esquire, the
celebrated historian, all three of whom shamefully neglected their
personal affairs in order to give me suggestions and assistance.
To all of those named above, and to many others who are not named, I
am deeply grateful.
E. Alexander Powell.
Yokohama, Japan, February, 1920.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT vii
I ACROSS THE REDEEMED LANDS 1
II THE BORDERLAND OF SLAV AND LATIN 56

III THE CEMETERY OF FOUR EMPIRES 110
IV UNDER THE CROSS AND THE CRESCENT 155
V WILL THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE RECOVER? 176
VI WHAT THE PEACE-MAKERS HAVE DONE ON THE DANUBE
206
VII MAKING A NATION TO ORDER 243

ILLUSTRATIONS
The Queen of Rumania tells Major Powell that she enjoys being a
Queen Frontispiece
FACING PAGE
His first sight of the Terra Irridenta 12
The end of the day 20
A little mother of the Tyrol 20
Italy's new frontier 28
This is not Venice, as you might suppose, but Trieste 46
At the gates of Fiume 60
The inhabitants of Fiume cheering d'Annunzio and his raiders 78
His Majesty Nicholas I, King of Montenegro 124
Two conspirators of Antivari 130
The head men of Ljaskoviki, Albania, waiting to bid Major and Mrs.
Powell farewell 142

The ancient walls of Salonika 158
Yildiz Kiosk, the favorite palace of Abdul-Hamid and his successors on
the throne of Osman 194
The Red Badge of Mercy in the Balkans 208
The gypsy who demanded five lei for the privilege of taking her picture
234
A peasant of Old Serbia 234
King Ferdinand tells Mrs. Powell his opinion of the fashion in which
the Peace Conference treated Rumania 240
The wine-shop which is pointed out to visitors as "the Cradle of the
War" 252

THE NEW FRONTIERS OF FREEDOM
CHAPTER I
ACROSS THE REDEEMED LANDS
It is unwise, generally speaking, to write about countries and peoples
when they are in a state of political flux, for what is true at the moment
of writing may be misleading the next. But the conditions which
prevailed in the lands beyond the Adriatic during the year succeeding
the signing of the Armistice were so extraordinary, so picturesque, so
wholly without parallel in European history, that they form a sort of
epilogue, as it were, to the story of the great conflict. To have
witnessed the dismemberment of an empire which was hoary with
antiquity when the Republic in which we live was yet unborn; to have
seen insignificant states expand almost overnight into powerful nations;
to have seen and talked with peoples who did not know from day to day
the form of government under which they were living, or the name of
their ruler, or the color of their flag; to have seen millions of human

beings transferred from sovereignty to sovereignty like cattle which
have been sold--these are sights the like of which will probably not be
seen again in our times or in those of our children, and, because they
serve