The New Frontiers of Freedom from the Alps to the Ægean | Page 2

of Montenegro to the United States.
For the trouble to which they put themselves in facilitating my visit to Jugoslavia I am deeply grateful to His Excellency M. Grouitch, Minister from the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the United States, and to His Excellency M. Vesnitch, the Jugoslav Minister to France.
From the long list of our own country-people abroad to whom we are indebted for hospitality and kindness, I wish particularly to thank the Honorable Thomas Nelson Page, formerly American Ambassador to Italy; the Honorable Percival Dodge, American Minister to the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; the Honorable Gabriel Bie Ravndal, American Commissioner and Consul-General in Constantinople; the Honorable Francis B. Keene, American Consul-General in Rome; Colonel Halsey Yates, U.S.A., American Military Attaché at Bucharest; Lieutenant-Colonel L.G. Ament, U.S.A., Director of the American Relief Administration in Rumania, who was our host during our stay in Bucharest, as was Major Carey of the American Red Cross during our visit in Salonika; Dr. Frances Flood, Director of the American Red Cross Hospital in Monastir, and Mrs. Mary Halsey Moran, in charge of American relief work in Constantza, in whose hospitable homes we found a warm welcome during our stays in those cities; Reverend and Mrs. Phineas Kennedy of Koritza, Albania; Dr. Henry King, President of Oberlin College, and Charles R. Crane, Esquire, of the Commission on Mandates in the Near East; Dr. Fisher, Professor of Modern History at Robert College, Constantinople; and finally of three friends in Rome, Mr. Cortese, representative in Italy of the Associated Press; Dr. Webb, founder and director of the hospital for facial wounds at Udine; and Nelson Gay, Esquire, the celebrated historian, all three of whom shamefully neglected their personal affairs in order to give me suggestions and assistance.
To all of those named above, and to many others who are not named, I am deeply grateful.
E. Alexander Powell.
Yokohama, Japan, February, 1920.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT vii
I ACROSS THE REDEEMED LANDS 1
II THE BORDERLAND OF SLAV AND LATIN 56
III THE CEMETERY OF FOUR EMPIRES 110
IV UNDER THE CROSS AND THE CRESCENT 155
V WILL THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE RECOVER? 176
VI WHAT THE PEACE-MAKERS HAVE DONE ON THE DANUBE 206
VII MAKING A NATION TO ORDER 243

ILLUSTRATIONS
The Queen of Rumania tells Major Powell that she enjoys being a Queen Frontispiece
FACING PAGE
His first sight of the Terra Irridenta 12
The end of the day 20
A little mother of the Tyrol 20
Italy's new frontier 28
This is not Venice, as you might suppose, but Trieste 46
At the gates of Fiume 60
The inhabitants of Fiume cheering d'Annunzio and his raiders 78
His Majesty Nicholas I, King of Montenegro 124
Two conspirators of Antivari 130
The head men of Ljaskoviki, Albania, waiting to bid Major and Mrs. Powell farewell 142
The ancient walls of Salonika 158
Yildiz Kiosk, the favorite palace of Abdul-Hamid and his successors on the throne of Osman 194
The Red Badge of Mercy in the Balkans 208
The gypsy who demanded five lei for the privilege of taking her picture 234
A peasant of Old Serbia 234
King Ferdinand tells Mrs. Powell his opinion of the fashion in which the Peace Conference treated Rumania 240
The wine-shop which is pointed out to visitors as "the Cradle of the War" 252

THE NEW FRONTIERS OF FREEDOM
CHAPTER I
ACROSS THE REDEEMED LANDS
It is unwise, generally speaking, to write about countries and peoples when they are in a state of political flux, for what is true at the moment of writing may be misleading the next. But the conditions which prevailed in the lands beyond the Adriatic during the year succeeding the signing of the Armistice were so extraordinary, so picturesque, so wholly without parallel in European history, that they form a sort of epilogue, as it were, to the story of the great conflict. To have witnessed the dismemberment of an empire which was hoary with antiquity when the Republic in which we live was yet unborn; to have seen insignificant states expand almost overnight into powerful nations; to have seen and talked with peoples who did not know from day to day the form of government under which they were living, or the name of their ruler, or the color of their flag; to have seen millions of human beings transferred from sovereignty to sovereignty like cattle which have been sold--these are sights the like of which will probably not be seen again in our times or in those of our children, and, because they serve to illustrate a chapter of History which is of immense importance, I have tried to sketch them, in brief, sharp outline, in this book.
Because I was curious to see for myself how the countrymen of Andreas Hofer in South Tyrol would accept their enforced Italianization; whether the Italians of Fiume would obey the dictum of President Wilson that their city must be Slav; how the Turks of