The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals

The Minds and Manners of Wild
Animals

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Title: The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals
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[Illustration with caption: OVERPOWERING CURIOSITY OF A
MOUNTAIN SHEEP This "lava ram" stood thus on a lava crest in the
Pinacate Mountains for about twenty minutes, gazing spellbound at two
men and a pack mule. (See page 149)]

THE MINDS AND MANNERS OF WILD ANIMALS
A BOOK OF PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS
BY WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Sc.D., A.M. DIRECTOR OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. AUTHOR OF "THE
AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY," "TWO YEARS IN THE
JUNGLE," "CAMP FIRES IN THE CANADIAN ROCKIES," "OUR
VANISHING WILD LIFE," ETC.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
_The wild animal must think, or die._* * * * *
_"Prove all things; hold fast that which is good."_
COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY WILLIAM T. HORNADAY
Printed in the United States of America
The right of translation is reserved Published May, 1922

TO THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE NEW YORK
ZOOLOGICAL PARK, WHOSE SAFETY DEPENDS UPON THEIR
KNOWLEDGE OF THE MINDS OF WILD ANIMALS, THIS
VOLUME IS DEDICATED AS A TOKEN OF APPRECIATION

AND REGARD

CONTENTS
I. A SURVEY OF THE FIELD
I. THE LAY OF THE LAND II. WILD ANIMAL TEMPERAMENT
& INDIVIDUALITY III. THE LANGUAGE OF ANIMALS IV. THE
MOST INTELLIGENT ANIMALS V. THE RIGHTS OF WILD
ANIMALS
II. MENTAL TRAITS OF WILD ANIMALS
VI. THE BRIGHTEST MINDS AMONG ANIMALS VII. KEEN
BIRDS AND DULL MEN VIII. THE MENTAL STATUS OF THE
ORANG-UTAN IX. THE MAN-LIKENESS OF THE CHIMPANZEE
X. THE TRUE MENTAL STATUS OF THE GORILLA XI. THE
MIND OF THE ELEPHANT XII. THE MENTAL AND MORAL
TRAITS OF BEARS XIII. MENTAL TRAITS OF A FEW
RUMINANTS XIV. MENTAL TRAITS OF A FEW RODENTS XV.
THE MENTAL TRAITS OF BIRDS XVI. THE WISDOM OF THE
SERPENT XVII. THE TRAINING OF WILD ANIMALS
III. THE HIGHER PASSIONS
XVIII. THE MORALS OF WILD ANIMALS XIX. THE LAWS OF
THE FLOCKS AND HERDS XX. PLAYS AND PASTIMES OF
WILD ANIMALS XXI. COURAGE IN WILD ANIMALS
IV. THE BASER PASSIONS
XXII. FEAR AS A RULING PASSION XXIII. FIGHTING AMONG
WILD ANIMALS XXIV. WILD ANIMAL CRIMINALS AND
CRIME XXV. FIGHTING WITH WILD ANIMALS
THE CURTAIN.

PREFACE
During these days of ceaseless conflict, anxiety and unrest among men,
when at times it begins to look as if "the Caucasian" really is "played
out," perhaps the English-reading world will turn with a sigh of relief to
the contemplation of wild animals. At all events, the author has found
this diversion in his favorite field mentally agreeable and refreshing.
In comparison with some of the alleged men who now are cursing this
earth by their baneful presence, the so-called "lower animals" do not
seem so very "low" after all! As a friend of the animals, this is a very

proper time in which to compare them with men. Furthermore, if
thinking men and women desire to know the leading facts concerning
the intelligence of wild animals, it will be well to consider them now,
before the bravest and the best of the wild creatures of the earth go
down and out under the merciless and inexorable steam roller that we
call Civilization.
The intelligence and the ways of wild animals are large subjects.
Concerning them I do not offer this volume as an all-in-all production.
Out of the great mass of interesting things that might have been
included, I have endeavored to select and set forth only enough to make
a good series of sample exhibits, without involving the general