The Manual of Heraldry; Fifth Edition | Page 5

Argent, a garter, gules.
The cotice which is the fourth part of the bend. Cotices generally accompany the bend in pairs; thus a bend between two cotices is said to be cotised.
[Illustration: Cotice]
Ex. Gules, a bend, argent, coticed of the same.
The riband, which is one third less than the garter and the bendlet, must never occupy more than one sixth of the field.
[Illustration: Riband]
Ex. Argent, a riband vert.
[Illustration: Bendlet]
Ex. Gules, two bendlets, engrailed, argent.
The bend sinister is the same breadth as the bend dexter, and is drawn from the sinister to the dexter side of the shield.
[Illustration: bend sinister]
Ex. Argent, a bend sinister, purpure.
The scarpe is the diminutive of the bend sinister, and is half its size.
[Illustration: scarpe]
Ex. Argent, a scarpe, purpure.
The _baton _is the fourth part of the bend, and, as before mentioned, it is a mark of illegitimacy, and seldom used in Heraldry, but by the illegitimate descendants of royalty.
[Illustration: baton]
Ex. Gules, a baton, sable, garnished, or.
THE FESS AND BAR.
The fess is formed by two horizontal lines drawn above and below the centre of the shield. The fess contains in breadth one third of the field.
[Illustration: fess]
Ex. Argent, a fess, azure.
The _bar _is formed in the same manner as the fess, but it only occupies the fifth part of the field. It differs from the fess, that ordinary being always placed in the centre of the field; but the bar may be placed in any part of it, and there may be more than one bar in an escutcheon.
[Illustration: Bar]
Ex. Gules, two bars, argent.
The closet is a diminutive of the bar, and is half its width.
[Illustration: Closet]
Ex. Argent, two closets, azure.
The barrulet is half the width of the closet.
[Illustration: Barrulet]
Ex. Gules, two barrulets, argent.
The annexed example is to illustrate the word gemels, which is frequently used to describe double bars. The word gemels is a corruption of the French word jumelles, which signifies double.
[Illustration: Gemels]
Ex. Azure, two bars, gemels, argent.
When the shield contains a number of bars of metal and colour alternate, exceeding five, it is called barry of so many pieces, expressing their numbers.
[Illustration: Barry]
Ex. Barry of seven pieces, argent and azure.
THE CHEVRON.
The figure of the chevron has been described as representing the gable of a roof. It is a very ancient ordinary, and the less it is charged with other figures the more ancient and honourable it appears.
[Illustration: Chevron]
Ex. Argent, a chevron, gules.
The diminutives of the chevron, according to English Heraldry, are the chevronel, which is half the breadth of the chevron.
[Illustration: Chevronels]
Ex. Argent, two chevronels, gules.
And the _couple-close_, which is half the chevronel.
[Illustration: Couple-closes]
Ex. Gules, three couple-closes interlaced in base, or.
Braced is sometimes used for interlaced. See the word BRACED in the Dictionary.
THE CROSS.
This, as its name imports, was the distinguishing badge of the Crusaders, in its simplest form. It was merely two pieces of list or riband of the same length, crossing each other at right angles. The colour of the riband or list denoted the nation to which the Crusader belonged. The cross is an honourable ordinary, occupying one fifth of the shield when not charged, but if charged, one third.
[Illustration: Cross]
Ex. Or, a cross, gules.
When the cross became the distinguishing badge of different leaders in the Crusades, the simple form given in the preceding example was not generally adopted. Some bordered the red list with a narrow white edge, others terminated the arms of the cross with short pieces of the same colour, placed transversely, making each arm of the cross have the appearance of a short crutch; the ends of these crutches meeting in a point, make the cross potent. There is so great a variety of crosses used in Heraldry that it would be impossible to describe them within the limits of this introduction to Heraldry. The reader will find a great number of those most used in English Heraldry described and illustrated in the Dictionary. He of course will understand, if a coat of arms comes under his notice where this ordinary is described as a cross engrailed, a cross invected, &c., that the form of the cross is the same as that in the last example, but that the lines forming it are engrailed, invected, &c. Small crosses borne as charges are called crosslets.
See the words CROSS, CROSSLETS, in the Dictionary.
THE SALTIER.
The saltier was formed by making two pieces of riband cross diagonally, having the appearance of the letter X, or, speaking heraldically, the bend and bend sinister crossing each other in the centre of the shield. The saltier, if uncharged, occupies one-fifth of the field; if charged, one-third.
[Illustration: Saltier]
Ex. Gules, a saltier, argent.
Like the cross, the saltier may be borne engrailed, wavy, &c., and the termination of the arms of the saltier varied; but there are not so many examples of the variation of the form in the