The Manóbos of Mindanáo | Page 3

law of debt Interest, loans, and pledges Interest Loans and pledges Laws of liability Liability arising from natural causes Liability arising from religious causes Liability arising from magic causes The system of fines
CHAPTER XX.
Political organization: Customs regulating domestic relations and family property; procedure for the attainment of justice
Family property Rules of inheritance Rules governing the relations of the sexes Moral offenses Marriage contracts and payments Illegitimate children Extent of authority of father and husband Residence of the husband Crimes and their penalties Crimes The private seizure Penalties for minor offenses Customary procedure Preliminaries to arbitration General features of a greater arbitration Determination of guilt By witnesses By oaths By the testimony of the accused By ordeals The hot-water ordeal The diving ordeal The candle ordeal By circumstantial evidence Enforcement of the sentence
CHAPTER XXI.
Political organization: Intertribal and other relations
Intertribal relations Interclan relations External commercial relations Exploitation by Christian natives Exploitation by falsification Defraudation by usury and excessive prices Exploitation by the system of commutation Wheedling or the puának system Bartering transactions General conditions of trading Internal commercial relations Money and substitutes for it Prevailing Manóbo prices Weights and measures Slave trade and slaves Slave trade Classes of slaves Delivery and treatment of slaves

PART IV. RELIGION

CHAPTER XXII.
General principles of Manóbo religion and nature and classification of Manobo deities
Introductory General principles of religion Sincerity of belief Basis of religious belief Means of detecting supernatural evil Belief in an hierarchy of beneficent and malignant deities Other tenets of Manobo faith Spirit companions of man General character of the deities Classification of deities and spirits Benevolent deities Gods of gore and rage Malignant and dangerous spirits Agricultural goddesses Giant spirits Gods of lust and consanguineous love Spirits of celestial phenomena Other spirits Nature of the various divinities in detail, The primary deities The secondary order of deities The gods of gore, and kindred spirits
CHAPTER XXIII.
Maleficent spirits
The origin and nature of malignant demons Methods of frustrating their evil designs Through priests By various material means By propitiation The tagbánua, or local forest spirits Their characteristics and method of living Definite localities tenanted by forest spirits Worship of the forest spirits
CHAPTER XXIV.
Priests, their prerogatives and functions
The bailán or ordinary Manobo priests Their general character Their prerogatives, Sincerity of the priests Their influence Their dress and functions The bagáni, or priests of war and blood
CHAPTER XXV.
Ceremonial accessories and religious rites
General remarks The paraphernalia of the priest The religious shed and the bailán's house Equipment for ceremonies Ceremonial decorations Sacred images Ceremonial offerings Religious rites Classification Method of performance The betel-nut tribute The offering of incense Invocation Prophylactic fowl waving Blood lustration Lustration by water
CHAPTER XXVI.
Sacrifices and war rites
The sacrifice of a pig Rites peculiar to the war priests The betel-nut offering to the souls of the enemies Various forms of divination The betel-nut cast Divination from the bágu?g vine Divination from báya squares, Invocation of the omen bird The tagbúsau's feast Human sacrifice
CHAPTER XXVII.
Divination and omens
In general Miscellaneous casual omens Divination by dreams Divination by geometrical figures The vine omen The rattan omen Divination by suspension and other methods The suspension omen The omen from eggs Divination by sacrificial appearances The blood omen The neck omen The omen from the gall The omen from the liver The omen from a fowl's intestinal appendix Ornithoscopy In general Respect toward the omen bird Interpretation of the omen bird's call Birds of evil omen
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Mythological and kindred beliefs
The creation of the world Celestial phenomena The rainbow Thunder and lightning Eclipse of the moon Origin of the stars and the explanation of sunset and sunrise The story of the Ikúgan, or tailed men, and of the resettlement of the Agúsan Valley Giants Peculiar animal beliefs The petrified craft and crew of Kagbubáta?g Angó, the petrified Manóbo
CHAPTER XXIX.
The great religious movement of 1908-1910
The extent of the movement Reported origin and character of the revival Spread of the movement Its exterior character and general features The principal tenets of the movement New order of deities Observances prescribed by the founder Religious rites The real nature of the movement and means used to carry on the fraud The sacred traffic Religious tours The whistling scheme Pretended chastity and austerity The end of the movement Similar movements in former years
APPENDIX
Historical references to the Manóbos of eastern Mindanao Early history up to 1875 From 1875 to 1910 Methods adopted by the missionaries in the Christianization of the Manóbos The secret of missionary success Explanation of plates


PART I. DESCRIPTIVE

CHAPTER I
CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANóBOS AND OTHER PEOPLES IN EASTERN MINDANáO
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
Throughout this monograph I have used the term "eastern Mindanáo" to include that part of Mindanáo that is east of the central Cordillera as far south as the headwaters of the River Libagánon, east of the River Tágum and its influent the Libagánon, and east of