The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland | Page 5

him from the persecution of his
creditors; he also restored to him his grant of a pitcher of wine daily,
and a pipe annually, to be delivered to him by his son Thomas, who
that year possessed the office of chief butler to the king.
Now that I have mentioned his son, it will not be improper, to take a
view of our author's domestical affairs, at least as far as we are enabled,
by materials that have descended to our times.
Thomas his eldest son, was married to one of the greatest fortunes in
England, Maud, daughter and heir of Sir John Burgheershe, knight of
the garter, and Dr. Henry Burghurshe bishop of Lincoln, chancellor and
treasurer of England. Mr. Speight says this lady was given him in
marriage by Edward III. in return of his services performed in his
embassies in France. His second son Lewis was born in 1381, for when
his father wrote the treatise of the Astrolabe, he was ten years old; he
was then a student in Merton college in Oxford, and pupil to Nicholas
Strade, but there is no further account of him. Thomas who now
enjoyed the office of chief butler to his majesty, had the same place
confirmed to him for life, by letters patent to king Henry IV, and
continued by Henry VI. In the 2d year of Henry IV, we find him
Speaker of the House of Commons, Sheriff of Oxfordshire and
Berkshire, and Constable of Wallingford castle and Knaresborough
castle during life. In the 6th year of the same prince, he was sent

ambassador to France. In the 9th of the same reign the Commons
presented him their Speaker; as they did likewise in the 11th year. Soon
after this Queen Jane, granted to him for his good service, the manor of
Woodstock, Hannerborough and Wotten during life; and in the 13th
year, he was again presented Speaker as he was in the 2d of Henry V,
and much about that time he was sent by the king, to treat of a marriage
with Catherine daughter to the duke of Burgundy; he was sent again
ambassador to France, and passed thro' a great many public stations.
Mr. Stebbing says that he was knighted, but we find no such title given
him in any record. He died at Ewelm, the chief place of his residence,
in the year 1434. By his wife Maud he had one daughter named Alice,
who was thrice married, first to Sir John Philips, and afterwards to
Thomas Montacute earl of Salisbury: her third husband was the famous
William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, who lost his head by the fury of
the Yorkists, who dreaded his influence in the opposite party, tho' he
stood proscribed by the parliament of Henry VI. for misguiding that
easy prince. Their son John had three sons, the second of whom,
Edmund, forfeited his life to the crown for treason against Henry VII,
by which means the estates which Chaucer's family possessed came to
the crown. But to return to our poet: By means of the duke of
Lancaster's marriage with his sister in law, he again grew to a
considerable share of wealth; but being now about seventy years of age,
and fatigued with a tedious view of hurried greatness, he quitted the
stage of grandeur where he had acted so considerable a part with varied
success, and retired to Dunnigton castle[3] near Newbury, to reflect at
leisure upon past transactions in the still retreats of contemplation. In
this retirement did he spend his few remaining years, universally loved
and honoured; he was familiar with all men of learning in his time, and
contracted friendship with persons of the greatest eminence as well in
literature as politics; Gower, Occleve, Lidgate, Wickliffe were great
admirers, and particular friends of Chaucer; besides he was well
acquainted with foreign poets, particularly Francis Petrarch the famous
Italian poet, and refiner of the language. A Revolution in England soon
after this happened, in which we find Chaucer but little concerned; he
made no mean compliments to Henry IV, but Gower his cotemporary,
though then very old, flattered the reigning prince, and insulted the
memory of his murdered Sovereign. All acts of parliament and grants

in the last reign being annulled, Chaucer again repaired to Court to get
fresh grants, but bending with age and weakness, tho' he was successful
in his request, the fatigue of attendance so overcame him, that death
prevented his enjoying his new possessions. He died the 25th of
October in the year 1400, in the second of Henry IV, in the 72d of his
age, and bore the shock of death with the same fortitude and resignation
with which he had undergone a variety of pressures, and vicissitudes of
fortune.