The Happy Days of the Empress Marie Louise | Page 8

persistent and one of the most skilful of Napoleon's
enemies. General the Count of Neipperg, as he called himself, had been
especially active in persuading two Frenchmen, Bernadotte and Murat,
to take up arms against France. Since 1814 he had been most devoted
to Marie Louise, and he felt or pretended to feel for her an affection on
which she did not fear to smile. She admitted him to her table; he
became her chamberlain, her advocate at the Congress of Vienna, her
prime minister in the Duchy of Parma, and after Napoleon's death, her
morganatic husband. He had three children by her,--two daughters (one
of whom died young; the other married the son of the Count San Vitale,
Grand Chamberlain of Parma) and one son (who took the title of Count
of Montenuovo and served in the Austrian army). Until his death in
1829 the Count of Neipperg completely controlled Marie Louise, as
Napoleon had never done.
After Waterloo, every day dimmed Marie Louise's recollections of
France. The four years of her reign--two spent in the splendor of
perpetual adoration, two in the gloom of disasters culminating in final
ruin--were like a distant dream, half a golden vision, half a hideous
nightmare. It was all but a brief episode in her life. She thoroughly
deserved the name of "the Austrian," which had been given unjustly to
Marie Antoinette; for Marie Antoinette really became a Frenchwoman.
The Duchess of Parma--for that was the title of the woman who had
worn the two crowns of France and of Italy--lived more in her
principality than in Vienna, more interested in the Count of Neipperg
than in the Duke of Reichstadt. While her son never left the Emperor
Francis, she reigned in her little duchy. But the title was to expire at her
death; for the Coalition had feared to permit a son of Napoleon to have
an hereditary claim to rule over Parma. Yet Marie Louise cannot
properly be called a bad mother. She went to close the eyes of her son,
who died in his twenty-second year, of consumption and
disappointment.
By this event was broken the last bond which attached Napoleon's
widow to the imperial traditions. In 1833 she was married, for the third
time, to a Frenchman, the son of an émigré in the Austrian service. He

was a M. de Bombelles, whose mother had been a Miss Mackan, an
intimate friend of Madame Elisabeth, and had married the Count of
Bombelles, ambassador of Louis XVI. in Portugal, and later in Venice,
who took orders after his wife's death and became Bishop of Amiens
under the Restoration. Marie Louise, who died December 17, 1847,
aged fifty-six, lived in surroundings directly hostile to Napoleon's glory.
Her ideas in her last years grew to resemble those of her childhood, and
she was perpetually denouncing the principles of the French Revolution
and of the liberalism which pursued her even in the Duchy of Parma.
France has reproached her with abandoning Napoleon, and still more
perhaps for having given two obscure successors to the most famous
man of modern times.
If Marie Louise is not a very sympathetic figure, no story is more
touching and more melancholy than that of her son's life and death. It is
a tale of hope deceived by reality; of youth and beauty cut down in
their flower; of the innocent paying for the guilty; of the victim marked
by fate as the expiation for others. One might say that he came into the
world only to give a lasting example of the instability of human
greatness. When he was at the point of death, worn out with suffering,
he said sadly, "My birth and my death comprise my whole history." But
this short story is perhaps richer in instruction than the longest reigns.
The Emperor's son will be known for many ages by his three titles,--the
King of Rome, Napoleon II., and the Duke of Reichstadt. He had
already inspired great poets, and given to philosophers and Christians
occasion for profound thoughts. His memory is indissolubly bound up
with that of his father, and posterity will never forget him. Even those
who are most virulent against Napoleon's memory, feel their wrath melt
when they think of his son; and when at the Church of the Capuchins,
in Vienna, a monk lights with a flickering torch the dark tomb of the
great captain's son, who lies by the side of his grandfather, Francis II.,
who was at once his protector and his jailer, deep thoughts arise as one
considers the vanity of political calculations, the emptiness of glory, of
power, and of genius.
Poor boy! His birth was greeted with countless thanksgivings,
celebrations, and joyous applause. Paris was beside itself when in the
morning of March 20, 1811, there