The Foundations of Japan | Page 6

FEEL THE MERCY OF THE SUN" (GUMMA, KANAGAWA AND CHIBA)
REFLECTIONS IN HOKKAIDO
XXXVII. COLONIAL JAPAN AND ITS UN-JAPANESE WAYS
XXXVIII. SHALL THE JAPANESE EAT BREAD AND MEAT?
XXXIX. MUST THE JAPANESE MAKE THEIR OWN "YOFUKU"?
XL. THE PROBLEMS OF JAPAN
APPENDICES
INDEX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
BATH IN AN AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL _facing title-page_
JUJITSU (AND RIFLES) AT THE SAME SCHOOL
BYGONE DAYS IN JAPAN
THE ROOM IN WHICH THIS BOOK WAS WRITTEN
THE MERCY OF BUDDHA
"TO ROUSE THE VILLAGE YOU MUST FIRST ROUSE THE PRIEST"
PLAN OF THE FARMER'S SYMBOLIC TREES
ADJUSTED RICE-FIELDS
LIBRARY AND WORKSHED OF A Y.M.A.
LANDOWNER'S SON AND DAUGHTER
SHRINE IN A LANDOWNER'S HOUSE
MR. YAMASAKI, DR. NITOBE, AUTHOR AND PROF. NASU
THE HOUSE IN WHICH THE TEA CEREMONY TOOK PLACE
AUTHOR QUESTIONING OFFICIALS
AUTHOR PLANTING COMMEMORATIVE TREES
RICE POLISHING BY FOOT POWER
"HIBACHI," A FLOWER ARRANGEMENT AND "KAKEMONO"
SCHOOL SHRINE CONTAINING EMPEROR'S PORTRAIT
FENCING AT AN AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
WAR MEMENTOES--ALL SCHOOLS HAVE SOME
A 200-YEARS-OLD DRAWING OF THE RICE PLANT
SCATTERING ARTIFICIAL MANURE IN ADJUSTED PADDIES
PLANTING OUT RICE SEEDLINGS
PUSH-CART FOR COLLECTION OF FERTILISER
MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE'S EFFORTS TO KEEP PRICE OF RICE DOWN
MUZZLED EDITORS
"THE JAPANESE CARLYLE"
MR. AND MRS. YANAGI
CHILDREN CATCHING INSECTS ON RICE-SEED BEDS
MASTERS OF A COUNTRY SCHOOL AND SOME CHILDREN
CULTIVATION TO THE HILL-TOPS
IMPLEMENTS, MEASURES AND MACHINES, AND A BALE OF RICE
MOVABLE STAGE AT A FESTIVAL
FARMHOUSE AT WHICH MR. UCHIMURA PREACHED
TENANT FARMERS' HOUSES
AUTHOR AT THE "SPIRIT MEETING"
SOME PERFORMERS AT THE "SPIRIT MEETING"
IN A BUDDHIST NUNNERY
JAPANESE GRASS-CUTTING TOOLS COMPARED WITH A SCYTHE
CHILD-COLLECTORS OF VILLAGERS' SAVINGS
NUNS PHOTOGRAPHED IN A "CELL"
STUDENTS' STUDY AT AN AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
TEACHERS OF A VILLAGE SCHOOL
GIRLS CARRYING BALES OF RICE
SERICULTURAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
SILK FACTORIES IN KAMISUWA
VILLAGE ASSEMBLY-ROOM
ARCHERY AT AN AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
CULTIVATION OF THE HILLSIDE
RAILWAY STATION "BENTO" AND POT OF TEA
A SCARECROW
THE BLIND HEADMAN AND HIS COLLECTING-BAG
MR. YANAGHITA IN HIS CORONATION CEREMONY ROBES
PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER
VILLAGE SCHOOL WITH PORTRAIT OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
RIVER-BEDS IN THE SUMMER
SCHOOL SHRINE FOR EMPEROR'S PORTRAIT
AUTHOR ADDRESSING LAFCADIO HEARN MEETING
A PEASANT PROPRIETOR'S HOUSE
GRAVESTONES REASSEMBLED AFTER PADDY ADJUSTMENT
TEMPLE IN WHICH THIS
CHAPTER WAS
WRITTEN
FIRE ENGINE AND PRIMITIVE FIGURES
YOUNG MEN'S CLUB-ROOM
MEMORIAL STONES
ROOF PROTECTED AGAINST STORMS BY STONES
OFF TO THE UPLAND FIELDS
FARMER'S WIFE
MOTHER AND CHILD
A CRADLE
FIRE ALARM AND OBSERVATION POST
RACK FOR DRYING RICE
VILLAGE CREMATORIUM
DOG HELPING TO PULL JINRIKISHA
AUTHOR, MR. YAMASAKI AND YOUNGEST INHABITANTS
"TORII" AT THE SHRINE OF THE FOX GOD
TABLETS RECORDING GIFTS TO A TEMPLE
INSIDE THE "SHOJI"
AUTOMATIC RICE POLISHER
AUTHOR IN A CRATER
A TYPE OF WAYSIDE MONUMENTS
GIANT RADISH OR "DAIKON"
CUTTING GRASS

CURRENCY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND OFFICIAL TERMS
The prices given in the text (but not in the footnotes and Appendix) were recorded before the War inflation began. The War was followed by a severe financial crisis. Professor Nasu wrote to me during the summer of 1921:
"You are very wise to leave the figures as they stood. It is useless to try to correct them, because they are still changing. The price of rice, which did not exceed 15 yen per koku when you were making your research work, exceeded 50 yen in 1919, and is now struggling to maintain the price of 25 yen. Taking at 100 the figures for the years 1915 or 1916--fortunately there is not much difference between these two years--the prices of six leading commodities reached in 1919 an average of about 250. After 1919 the prices of some commodities went still higher, but mostly they did not change very much; on the other hand, recently the prices of many commodities--among them rice and raw silk especially--have been coming down and this downward movement is gradually extending to all other commodities. From these considerations I deduce that the index number of general commodities may be safely taken as 200 when your book appears. _The reader of your book has simply to double the figures given by you--that is the figures of_ 1915 and 1916--_in order to get a rough estimate of present prices._"
Where exact statements of area and yield are necessary, as in the study of the intense agriculture of Japan, local measures are preferable to our equivalents in awkward fractions. Further, the measures used in this book are easily remembered, and no serious study of Japanese agriculture on the spot is possible without remembering them. While, however, Japanese currency, weights and measures have been uniformly used, equivalents have been supplied at every place in the book where their omission might be reasonably considered to interfere with easy reading. The following tables are restricted to currency, weights and measures mentioned in the book.
MONEY[9]
Yen = roughly (at the time notes for the book were made) a florin or half a dollar = 100 sen.
Sen = a farthing or half cent = 10 rin.
LONG
Ri = roughly 2-1/2 miles.
Shaku (roughly 1 ft.) = 11.93 in.
Ri are converted into miles by being multiplied by 2.44.
SQUARE
Ri (roughly 6 sq. miles) = 5.955 sq. miles.
Cho (sometimes written, _Chobu_) (roughly 2-1/2 acres) = 2.450 acres = 10 tan = 3,000 tsubo.
Tan or Tambu (roughly 1/4 acre) = 0.245 acres = 10 se = 300 bu.
Bu or Tsubo (roughly 4 sq. yds.) = 3.953 sq. yds.
An acre is about 4 tan 10 bu