The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals | Page 3

may be used
to convey punctuation intended by the author, and additional characters
may be used to indicate hypertext links; OR
[*] The etext may be readily converted by the reader at no expense into
plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent form by the program that displays
the etext (as is the case, for instance, with most word processors); OR
[*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at no additional
cost, fee or expense, a copy of the etext in its original plain ASCII form
(or in EBCDIC or other equivalent proprietary form).
[2] Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this "Small
Print!" statement.
[3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Project of 20% of the net profits
you derive calculated using the method you already use to calculate
your applicable taxes. If you don't derive profits, no royalty is due.
Royalties are payable to "Project Gutenberg
Association/Carnegie-Mellon University" within the 60 days following
each date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare) your annual
(or equivalent periodic) tax return.
WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU
DON'T HAVE TO?
The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time, scanning
machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty free copyright
licenses, and every other sort of contribution you can think of. Money
should be paid to "Project Gutenberg Association / Carnegie-Mellon
University".
*END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN
ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END*

Scanned by Charles Keller with OmniPage Professional OCR software

NOTE: The quality of this etext is below my usual standards!!

THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS IN MAN AND ANIMALS
BY CHARLES DARWIN M.A., F.R.S., ETC.
WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS NEW
YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1899

Authorized Edition.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION......................................................Pages 1-26
CHAP. I--GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION. The three
chief principles stated--The first principle--Serviceable actions become
habitual in association with certain states of the mind, and are
performed whether or not of service in each particular case-- The force
of habit--Inheritance--Associated habitual movements in man--Reflex
actions--Passage of habits into reflex actions-- Associated habitual
movements in the lower animals-- Concluding remarks ............27-49
CHAP. II--GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION--continued.
The Principle of Antithesis--Instances in the dog and cat--Origin of the
principle-- Conventional signs--The principle of antithesis has not
arisen from opposite actions being consciously performed under
opposite impulses ..........50-65
CHAP. III--GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION--concluded.
The principle of the direct action of the excited nervous system on the
body, independently of the will and in part of habit--Change of colour
in the hair-- Trembling of the muscles--Modified
secretions--Perspiration--Expression of extreme pain--Of rage, great
joy, and terror--Contrast between the emotions which cause and do not
cause expressive movements--Exciting and depressing states of the
mind--Summary............................................ 66-82
CHAP. IV--MEANS OF EXPRESSION. IN ANIMALS. The emission
of sounds-- Vocal sounds--Sounds otherwise produced--Erection of the
dermal appendages, hairs, feathers, &c., under the emotions of anger
and terror--The drawing back of the ears as a preparation for fighting,
and as an expression of anger-- Erection of the ears and raising the head,
a sign of attention 88-114

CHAP. V.--SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF ANIMALS. The Dog,
various expressive movements of--Cats--Horses--Ruminants--Monkeys,
their expression of joy and affection--Of pain--Anger Astonishment
and Terror Pages 115-145
CHAP. VI.--SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF MAN: SUFFERING AND
WEEPING. The screaming and weeping of infants--Form of
features--Age at which weeping commences-- The effects of habitual
restraint on weeping--Sobbing--Cause of the contraction of the muscles
round the eyes during screaming-- Cause of the secretion of tears
146-175
CHAP. VII.--LOW SPIRITS, ANXIETY, GRIEF, DEJECTION,
DESPAIR. General effect of grief on the system--Obliquity of the
eyebrows under suffering-- On the cause of the obliquity of the
eyebrows--On the depression of the corners of the mouth 176-195
CHAP. VIII.--JOY, HIGH SPIRITS, LOVE, TENDER FEELINGS,
DEVOTION. Laughter primarily the expression of joy--Ludicrous
ideas-- Movements of the features during laughter--Nature of the sound
produced-- The secretion of tears during loud laughter--Gradation from
loud laughter to gentle smiling--High spirits--The expression of love--
Tender feelings--Devotion 196-219
CHAP.
IX.--REFLECTION--MEDITATION--ILL--TEMPER--SULKINESS
DETERMINATION. The act of frowning--Reflection with an effort or
with the perception of something difficult or disagreeable--Abstracted
meditation-- Ill-temper--Moroseness--Obstinacy--Sulkiness and
pouting-- Decision or determination--The firm closure of the mouth
220-236
CHAP. X.-HATRED AND ANGER.
Hatred--Rage, effects of on the system--Uncovering of the teeth-- Rage
in the insane--Anger and indignation--As expressed by the various
races of man--Sneering and defiance--The uncovering of the canine
teeth on one side of the face 237-252
CHAP. XI.--DISDAIN--CONTEMPT--DISGUST--GUILT--PRIDE,
ETC.--HELPLESSNESS-- PATIENCE--AFFIRMATION AND
NEGATION. Contempt, scorn and disdain, variously
expressed--Derisive Smile--Gestures expressive of contempt--
Disgust--Guilt, deceit, pride, etc.--Helplessness or impotence--

Patience--Obstinacy--Shrugging the shoulders common to most of the
races of man--Signs of affirmation and negation 253-277
CHAP. XII.--SURPRISE--ASTONISHMENT--FEAR--HORROR.
Surprise, astonishment--Elevation of the eyebrows--Opening the
mouth-- Protrusion of the lips--Gestures accompanying surprise--
Admiration Fear--Terror--Erection of the hair--Contraction of the
platysma muscle--Dilatation of the pupils--horror--Conclusion. Pages
278-308
CHAP.
XIII.--SELF-ATTENTION--SHAME--SHYNESS--MODESTY:
BLUSHING.
Nature of a blush--Inheritance--The parts