The Empire of Austria; Its Rise and Present Power | Page 3

of Ferdinand.--The Difficulties
Deferred.--Death of Matthias. Page 229

CHAPTER XVI.
FERDINAND II. From 1619 to 1621.
Possessions of the Emperor.--Power of the Protestants of Bohemia.--
General Spirit of Insurrection.--Anxiety of Ferdinand.--Insurrection led
by Count Thurn.--Unpopularity of the Emperor.--Affecting Declaration
of the Emperor.--Insurrection in Vienna.--The Arrival of
Succor.--Ferdinand Seeks the Imperial Throne.--Repudiated by
Bohemia.--The Palatinate.-- Frederic Offered the Crown of
Bohemia.--Frederic Crowned.--Revolt in Hungary.--Desperate
Condition of the Emperor.--Catholic League.--The Calvinists and the
Puritans.--Duplicity of the Emperor.--Foreign Combinations.--Truce
between the Catholics and the Protestants.--The Attack upon
Bohemia.--Battle of the White Mountain. Page 245

CHAPTER XVII.

FERDINAND II. From 1621 to 1629.
Pusillanimity of Frederic.--Intreaties of the Citizens of
Prague.--Shameful Flight of Frederic.--Vengeance Inflicted upon
Bohemia.--Protestantism and Civil Freedom.--Vast Power of the
Emperor.--Alarm of Europe.--James I.--Treaty of Marriage for the
Prince of Wales.--Cardinal Richelieu.--New League of the
Protestants.-- Desolating War.--Defeat of the King of
Denmark.--Energy of Wallenstein.--Triumph of Ferdinand.--New Acts
of Intolerance.-- Severities in Bohemia.--Desolation of the
Kingdom.--Dissatisfaction of the Duke of Bavaria.--Meeting of the
Catholic Princes.--The Emperor Humbled. Page 261

CHAPTER XVIII.
FERDINAND II. AND GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. From 1629 to
1632.
Vexation of Ferdinand.--Gustavus Adolphus.--Address to the Nobles of
Sweden.--March of Gustavus.--Appeal to the Protestants.--Magdeburg
joins Gustavus.--Destruction of the City.--Consternation of the
Protestants.--Exultation of the Catholics.--The Elector of Saxony
Driven from His Domains.--Battle of Leipsic.--The Swedes penetrate
Bohemia.--Freedom of Conscience Established.--Death of Tilly.--The
Retirement of Wallenstein.--The Command Resumed by
Wallenstein.--Capture of Prague.--Encounter between Wallenstein and
Gustavus.--Battle of Lutzen.--Death of Gustavus. Page 279

CHAPTER XIX.
FERDINAND II., FERDINAND III. AND LEOPOLD I. From 1632 to
1662.
Character of Gustavus Adolphus.--Exultation of the
Imperialists.--Disgrace of Wallenstein.--He offers to Surrender to the
Swedish General.--His Assassination.--Ferdinand's son Elected as his
Successor.--Death of Ferdinand.--Close of the War.--Abdication of
Christina.--Charles Gustavus.--Preparations for War.--Death of
Ferdinand III.--Leopold Elected Emperor.--Hostilities
Renewed.--Death of Charles Gustavus.--Diet Convened.--Invasion of

the Turks. Page 295

CHAPTER XX.
LEOPOLD I. From 1662 to 1697.
Invasion of the Turks.--A Treaty Concluded.--Possessions of
Leopold.--Invasion of the French.--League of Augsburg.--Devastation
of the Palatinate.--Invasion of Hungary.--Emerio Tekeli.--Union of
Emerio Tekeli with the Turks.--Leopold Applies to Sobieski.--He
Immediately Marches to his Aid.--The Turks Conquered.--Sobieski's
Triumphal Receptions.--Meanness of Leopold.--Revenge upon
Hungary.--Peace Concluded.--Contest for Spain. Page 311

CHAPTER XXI.
LEOPOLD I. AND THE SPANISH SUCCESSION From 1697 to
1710.
The Spanish Succession.--The Impotence of Charles II.--Appeal to the
Pope.--His Decision.--Death of Charles II.--Accession of Philip
V.--Indignation of Austria.--The Outbreak of War.--Charles III.
Crowned.--Insurrection in Hungary.--Defection of Bavaria.--The Battle
of Blenheim.--Death of Leopold I.--Eleonora.--Accession of Joseph
I.--Charles XII. of Sweden.--Charles III. of Spain.--Battle of
Malplaquet.--Charles at Barcelona.--Charles at Madrid. 328

CHAPTER XXII.
JOSEPH I. AND CHARLES VI. From 1710 to 1717.
Perplexities in Madrid.--Flight of Charles.--Retreat of the Austrian
Army.--Stanhope's Division cut off.--Capture of Stanhope.--Staremberg
assailed.--Retreat to Barcelona.--Attempt to pacify Hungary.--The
Hungarian Diet.--Baronial crowning of Ragotsky.--Renewal of the
Hungarian War.--Enterprise of Herbeville.--The Hungarians
crushed.--Lenity of Joseph.--Death of Joseph.--Accession of Charles
VI.--His career in Spain.--Capture of Barcelona.--The Siege.--The
Rescue.--Character of Charles.--Cloisters of Montserrat.--Increased
Efforts for the Spanish Crown.--Charles Crowned Emperor of Austria

and Hungary.--Bohemia.--Deplorable Condition of Louis XIV. Page
845

CHAPTER XXIII.
CHARLES VI. From 1716 to 1727.
Heroic Decision of Eugene.--Battle of Belgrade.--Utter Rout of the
Turks.--Possessions of Charles VI.--The Elector of Hanover succeeds
to the English Throne.--Preparations for War.--State of Italy.--Philip V.
of Spain.--Diplomatic Agitations.--Palace of St. Ildefonso.--Order of
the Golden Fleece.--Rejection of Maria Anne.--Contest for the Rock of
Gibraltar.--Dismissal of Rippeeda.--Treaty of Vienna.--Peace
Concluded. Page 362

CHAPTER XXIV.
CHARLES VI. AND THE POLISH WAR. From 1727 to 1735.
Cardinal Fleury.--The Emperor of Austria urges the Pragmatic
Sanction.--He promises his two Daughters to the two Sons of the
Queen of Spain.--France, England and Spain unite against
Austria.--Charles VI. issues Orders to Prepare for War.--His
Perplexities.--Secret Overtures to England.--The Crown of
Poland.--Meeting of the Polish Congress.-- Stanislaus goes to
Poland.--Augustus III. crowned.--War.--Charles sends an Army to
Lombardy.--Difficulties of Prince Eugene.--Charles's Displeasure with
England.--Letter to Count Kinsky.--Hostilities Renewed. Page 878

CHAPTER XXV.
CHARLES VI. AND THE TURKISH WAR RENEWED. From 1735
to 1739.
Anxiety of Austrian Office-holders.--Maria Theresa.--The Duke of
Lorraine.--Distraction of the Emperor.--Tuscany assigned to the Duke
of Lorraine.--Death of Eugene.--Rising Greatness of Russia.--New War
with the Turks.--Condition of the Army.--Commencement of
Hostilities--Capture of Nissa.--Inefficient Campaign.--Disgrace of
Seckendorf.--The Duke of Lorraine placed in Command.--Siege of

Orsova.--Belgrade besieged by the Turks.--The third Campaign.--Battle
of Crotzka.--Defeat of the Austrians.--Consternation in
Vienna.--Barbarism of the Turks.--The Surrender of Belgrade.

CHAPTER XXVI.
MARIA THERESA. From 1739 to 1741.
Anguish of the King.--Letter to the Queen of Russia.--The Imperial
Circular.--Deplorable Condition of Austria.--Death of Charles
VI.--Accession of Maria Theresa.--Vigorous Measures of the
Queen.--Claim of the Duke of Bavaria.--Responses from the
Courts.--Coldness of the French Court.--Frederic of Prussia.--His
Invasion of Silesia.--March of the Austrians.--Battle of
Molnitz.--Firmness of Maria Theresa.--Proposed Division of
Plunder.--Villainy of Frederic.--Interview with the King.--Character of
Frederic.--Commencement of the General Invasion. Page 411

CHAPTER XXVII.
MARIA THERESA. From 1741 to 1743.