The Early Life of Mark Rutherford | Page 3

soon as the messenger, and invaded my uncle
Lovell's dining-room, reaching nearly as high as the top of the table.
The goods traffic to and from London was carried on by an enormous
waggon, which made the journey once or twice a week. Passengers
generally travelled by the Times coach, a hobby of Mr. Whitbread's. It
was horsed with four magnificent cream-coloured horses, and did the
fifty miles from Bedford to London at very nearly ten miles an hour, or
twelve miles actual speed, excluding stoppages for change. Barring
accidents, it was always punctual to a minute, and every evening,
excepting Sundays, exactly as the clock of St. Paul's struck eight, it
crossed the bridge. I have known it wait before entering the town if it
was five or six minutes too soon, a kind of polish or artistic
completeness being thereby given to a performance in which much
pride was taken.
The Bedford Charity was as yet hardly awake. No part of the funds was
devoted to the education of girls, but a very large part went in
almsgiving. The education of boys was almost worthless. The head-
mastership of the Grammar School was in the gift of New College,

Oxford, who of course always appointed one of their Fellows.
Including the income from boarders, it was worth about 3,000 pounds a
year.
Dissent had been strong throughout the whole county ever since the
Commonwealth. The old meeting-house held about 700 people, and
was filled every Sunday. It was not the gifts of the minister, certainly
after the days of my early childhood, which kept such a congregation
steady. The reason why it held together was the simple loyalty which
prevents a soldier or a sailor from mutinying, although the
commanding officer may deserve no respect. Most of the well-to-do
tradesfolk were Dissenters. They were taught what was called a
"moderate Calvinism", a phrase not easy to understand. If it had any
meaning, it was that predestination, election, and reprobation, were
unquestionably true, but they were dogmas about which it was not
prudent to say much, for some of the congregation were a little
Arminian, and St. James could not be totally neglected. The worst of St.
James was that when a sermon was preached from his Epistle, there
was always a danger lest somebody in the congregation should think
that it was against him it was levelled. There was no such danger, at
any rate not so much, if the text was taken from the Epistle to the
Romans.
In the "singing-pew" sat a clarionet, a double bass, a bassoon, and a
flute: also a tenor voice which "set the tune". The carpenter, to whom
the tenor voice belonged, had a tuning-fork which he struck on his desk
and applied to his ear. He then hummed the tuning-fork note, and the
octave below, the double bass screwed up and responded, the leader
with the tuning-fork boldly struck out, everybody following, including
the orchestra, and those of the congregation who had bass or tenor
voices sang the air. Each of the instruments demanded a fair share of
solos.
The institution strangest to me now was the Lord's Supper. Once a
month the members of the church, while they were seated in the pews,
received the bread and wine at the hands of the deacons, the minister
reciting meanwhile passages from Scripture. Those of the congregation
who had not been converted, and who consequently did not belong to
the church and were not communicants, watched the rite from the
gallery. What the reflective unconverted, who were upstairs, thought I

cannot say. The master might with varying emotions survey the man
who cleaned his knives and boots. The wife might sit beneath and the
husband above, or, more difficult still, the mistress might be seated
aloft while her husband and her conceited maid-of-all-work, Tabitha,
enjoyed full gospel privileges below.
Dependent on the mother "cause" were chapels in the outlying villages.
They were served by lay preachers, and occasionally by the minister
from the old meeting-house. One village, Stagsden, had attained to the
dignity of a wind and a stringed instrument.
The elders of the church at Bedford belonged mostly to the middle
class in the town, but some of them were farmers. Ignorant they were to
a degree which would shock the most superficial young person of the
present day; and yet, if the farmer's ignorance and the ignorance of the
young person could be reduced to the same denomination, I doubt
whether it would not be found that the farmer knew more than the other.
The farmer could not discuss Coleridge's metres or the validity of the
maxim, "Art for Art's sake", but he understood a good deal about the
men around him, about his fields, about the face of the sky,