The Deaf | Page 2

cases so courteous and gracious have been the correspondents and informants that one might at times think that a favor were being done them in the making of the request. To certain ones the writer cannot escape mentioning his appreciation: to Dr. E. A. Fay, editor of the American Annals of the Deaf, and vice-president of Gallaudet College; Dr. J. R. Dobyns, of the Mississippi School, and secretary of the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf; Mr. Fred Deland, of the Volta Bureau; Mr. E. A. Hodgson, editor of the Deaf-Mutes' Journal; Mr. E. H. Currier, of the New York Institution, and Dr. T. F. Fox and Mr. Ignatius Bjorlee, also of this institution; Dr. Joseph A. Hill, of the Census Bureau; Mr. Alexander Johnson, formerly secretary of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections; Dr. H. H. Hart, of the Russell Sage Foundation; Professor S. M. Lindsay and Dr. E. S. Whitin, of Columbia University; and to the officials of the Library of Congress, of the New York Public Library, of the New York State Library, of the New York School of Philanthropy Library, of the New York Academy of Medicine, of the Columbia University Library, of the Volta Bureau, and of the Gallaudet College Library.

CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION xiii
PART I
POSITION OF THE DEAF IN SOCIETY
CHAPTER
I.
THE DEAF IN THE UNITED STATES 3
Meaning of Term "Deaf" in the Present Study--Number of the Deaf in the United States--Age when Deafness Occurred--Ability of the Deaf to Speak--Means of Communication Employed by the Deaf.
II. THE DEAF AS A PERMANENT ELEMENT OF THE POPULATION 13
Increase in the Number of the Deaf in Relation to the Increase in the General Population--The Adventitiously Deaf and the Congenitally Deaf--Adventitious Deafness and its Causes--Possible Action for the Prevention of Adventitious Deafness--Adventitious Deafness as an Increasing or Decreasing Phenomenon--The Congenitally Deaf--The Offspring of Consanguineous Marriages--The Deaf Having Deaf Relatives--The Offspring of Deaf Parents--Possible Action for the Prevention of Congenital Deafness--Congenital Deafness as an Increasing or Decreasing Phenomenon--Conclusions with Respect to the Elimination or Prevention of Deafness.
III. TREATMENT OF THE DEAF BY THE STATE 63
General Attitude of the Law towards the Deaf--Legislation Discriminatory respecting the Deaf--Legislation in Protection of the Deaf--Legislation in Aid of the Deaf--Tenor of Court Decisions Affecting the Deaf--Present Trend of the Law in Respect to the Deaf.
IV. ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE DEAF 75
The Extent to which the Deaf are a Wage-earning and Self-supporting Element of the Population--Views of the Deaf as to their Economic Standing--The Deaf as Alms-seekers--Homes for the Deaf--Conclusions with Respect to the Economic Position of the Deaf.
V. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DEAF 91
Social Cleavage from the General Population--Desirability of Organizations Composed of the Deaf--Purposes, Activities, and Extent of Such Organizations--Newspapers of the Deaf.
VI. POPULAR CONCEPTIONS CONCERNING THE DEAF 99
Viewed as a Strange Class--Viewed as a Defective Class--Viewed as an Unhappy Class--Viewed as a Dependent Class--Need of a Changed Regard for the Deaf.
VII. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS INTERESTED IN THE DEAF 107
General Societies Interested in the Deaf--The Volta Bureau--Parents' Associations for the Deaf--Church Missions to the Deaf--Organizations Interested in the Education of the Deaf--Publications Devoted to the Interests of the Deaf.
PART II
PROVISION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF
VIII. THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF PRIOR TO ITS INTRODUCTION INTO THE UNITED STATES 119
IX. HISTORY OF EDUCATION OF THE DEAF IN THE UNITED STATES 129
Early Attempts at Instruction--Beginning of the First Schools--Early Ideas concerning the Schools for the Deaf--Aims of the Founders--Extension of the Means of Instruction over the Country.
X. ORGANIZATION OF THE INSTITUTIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 171
Arrangements in the Different States--Semi-Public Institutions--"Dual Schools"--Provision for the Deaf-Blind--Provision for the Feeble-minded Deaf--Government of the Different Institutions--Procedure in States without Institutions.
XI. THE DAY SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF 187
Inception and Growth of the Day School--Design and Scope of Day Schools--Extent and Organization of Day Schools--Arguments for the Day School--Arguments against the Day School--Evening Schools for Adults.
XII. DENOMINATIONAL AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS 202
Denominational Schools--Private Schools.
XIII. THE NATIONAL COLLEGE 206
XIV. PROVISION FOR EDUCATION BY STATES 209
XV. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR SCHOOLS 242
Extent of Constitutional Provisions--Language and Forms of Provisions.
XVI. QUESTION OF THE CHARITY CONNECTION OF SCHOOLS 248
Institutions Sometimes Regarded as Educational: Sometimes as Charitable--Charity in Connection with Schools for the Deaf--Arguments for the Connection with Boards of Charities--Arguments in Opposition to the Connection---Conclusions in Respect to the Charity Connection of Schools for the Deaf.
XVII. PROVISIONS CONCERNING ADMISSION OF PUPILS INTO SCHOOLS 262
Rules as to the Payment of Fees--Provision for the Collateral Support of Pupils--Age Limits of Attendance.
XVIII. ATTENDANCE UPON THE SCHOOLS 268
The Proportion of the Deaf in the Schools--The Need of Compulsory Education Laws for the Deaf--Present Extent of Compulsory Education Laws.
XIX. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION IN SCHOOLS 277
The Use of Signs as a Means of Communication--Rise and Growth of the Oral Movement--Present Methods of Instruction--Courses of Study and Gradations of Pupils--Industrial Training in the Schools.
XX. COST TO THE STATE FOR EDUCATION 293
Value of the Property Used for