The Deaf | Page 2

these. Indeed,
one of the most delightful features connected with the work has been
the response which as a rule has been elicited by the writer's inquiries;
and in some cases so courteous and gracious have been the
correspondents and informants that one might at times think that a
favor were being done them in the making of the request. To certain
ones the writer cannot escape mentioning his appreciation: to Dr. E. A.
Fay, editor of the American Annals of the Deaf, and vice-president of
Gallaudet College; Dr. J. R. Dobyns, of the Mississippi School, and
secretary of the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf; Mr.
Fred Deland, of the Volta Bureau; Mr. E. A. Hodgson, editor of the
Deaf-Mutes' Journal; Mr. E. H. Currier, of the New York Institution,
and Dr. T. F. Fox and Mr. Ignatius Bjorlee, also of this institution; Dr.
Joseph A. Hill, of the Census Bureau; Mr. Alexander Johnson, formerly
secretary of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections; Dr.
H. H. Hart, of the Russell Sage Foundation; Professor S. M. Lindsay
and Dr. E. S. Whitin, of Columbia University; and to the officials of the
Library of Congress, of the New York Public Library, of the New York
State Library, of the New York School of Philanthropy Library, of the
New York Academy of Medicine, of the Columbia University Library,
of the Volta Bureau, and of the Gallaudet College Library.

CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION xiii

PART I
POSITION OF THE DEAF IN SOCIETY
CHAPTER
I.
THE DEAF IN THE UNITED STATES 3
Meaning of Term "Deaf" in the Present Study--Number of the Deaf in
the United States--Age when Deafness Occurred--Ability of the Deaf to
Speak--Means of Communication Employed by the Deaf.
II. THE DEAF AS A PERMANENT ELEMENT OF THE
POPULATION 13
Increase in the Number of the Deaf in Relation to the Increase in the
General Population--The Adventitiously Deaf and the Congenitally
Deaf--Adventitious Deafness and its Causes--Possible Action for the
Prevention of Adventitious Deafness--Adventitious Deafness as an
Increasing or Decreasing Phenomenon--The Congenitally Deaf--The
Offspring of Consanguineous Marriages--The Deaf Having Deaf
Relatives--The Offspring of Deaf Parents--Possible Action for the
Prevention of Congenital Deafness--Congenital Deafness as an
Increasing or Decreasing Phenomenon--Conclusions with Respect to
the Elimination or Prevention of Deafness.
III. TREATMENT OF THE DEAF BY THE STATE 63
General Attitude of the Law towards the Deaf--Legislation
Discriminatory respecting the Deaf--Legislation in Protection of the
Deaf--Legislation in Aid of the Deaf--Tenor of Court Decisions
Affecting the Deaf--Present Trend of the Law in Respect to the Deaf.
IV. ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE DEAF 75
The Extent to which the Deaf are a Wage-earning and Self-supporting

Element of the Population--Views of the Deaf as to their Economic
Standing--The Deaf as Alms-seekers--Homes for the
Deaf--Conclusions with Respect to the Economic Position of the Deaf.
V. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DEAF 91
Social Cleavage from the General Population--Desirability of
Organizations Composed of the Deaf--Purposes, Activities, and Extent
of Such Organizations--Newspapers of the Deaf.
VI. POPULAR CONCEPTIONS CONCERNING THE DEAF 99
Viewed as a Strange Class--Viewed as a Defective Class--Viewed as an
Unhappy Class--Viewed as a Dependent Class--Need of a Changed
Regard for the Deaf.
VII. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS INTERESTED IN THE DEAF
107
General Societies Interested in the Deaf--The Volta Bureau--Parents'
Associations for the Deaf--Church Missions to the Deaf--Organizations
Interested in the Education of the Deaf--Publications Devoted to the
Interests of the Deaf.
PART II
PROVISION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF
VIII. THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF PRIOR TO ITS
INTRODUCTION INTO THE UNITED STATES 119
IX. HISTORY OF EDUCATION OF THE DEAF IN THE UNITED
STATES 129
Early Attempts at Instruction--Beginning of the First Schools--Early
Ideas concerning the Schools for the Deaf--Aims of the
Founders--Extension of the Means of Instruction over the Country.
X. ORGANIZATION OF THE INSTITUTIONS AND GENERAL

PROVISIONS 171
Arrangements in the Different States--Semi-Public Institutions--"Dual
Schools"--Provision for the Deaf-Blind--Provision for the
Feeble-minded Deaf--Government of the Different
Institutions--Procedure in States without Institutions.
XI. THE DAY SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF 187
Inception and Growth of the Day School--Design and Scope of Day
Schools--Extent and Organization of Day Schools--Arguments for the
Day School--Arguments against the Day School--Evening Schools for
Adults.
XII. DENOMINATIONAL AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS 202
Denominational Schools--Private Schools.
XIII. THE NATIONAL COLLEGE 206
XIV. PROVISION FOR EDUCATION BY STATES 209
XV. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR SCHOOLS 242
Extent of Constitutional Provisions--Language and Forms of
Provisions.
XVI. QUESTION OF THE CHARITY CONNECTION OF SCHOOLS
248
Institutions Sometimes Regarded as Educational: Sometimes as
Charitable--Charity in Connection with Schools for the
Deaf--Arguments for the Connection with Boards of
Charities--Arguments in Opposition to the Connection---Conclusions in
Respect to the Charity Connection of Schools for the Deaf.
XVII. PROVISIONS CONCERNING ADMISSION OF PUPILS
INTO SCHOOLS 262

Rules as to the Payment of Fees--Provision for the Collateral Support
of Pupils--Age Limits of Attendance.
XVIII. ATTENDANCE UPON