The Brain, A Decoded Enigma | Page 6

are many persons who participate in an experiment, everyone will make his/her own model based on his/her own structure of models. What everyone gets and sees depends on one's own structure of models.
Example: up to around year 1500 everybody knew that the Earth was the center of the Universe. This idea was supported by direct observation of the sky but also by a powerful structure of models. So, in that period, the astronomers were able to calculate Sun and Moon eclipses, understand and calculate many parameters associated with the movement of the Moon, Sun and stars. Even the Holy Book supported this idea, at least in an implicit way. In that period, the idea that Earth is the center of the Universe was correct.
I want to emphasize again that the situation is generated by the work principle of the brain. It does not matter if we like or not this situation! The situation will be the same forever. For instance, Newton's Mechanics considers that there is a fundamental field of forces called "gravity". Everybody considers that the gravity exists. But Einstein says that there is no such a field of forces; what we see is just an effect of the distortion of the space due to mass. If Einstein is right, the idea that there is gravity is not correct anymore. See also the applications.
So, in every moment, the brain will consider as correct everything which is generated by its structure of stable models.
Some scientists could consider these assertions as unacceptable, but regardless of the fact that we like or not such a situation, the brain is able to do only what the hardware structure is able to do.
There is another term that has some associated problems. This term is "wrong". If a model makes wrong predictions, this usually does not mean that the model is wrong. It means just that the model is not suitable to the given external reality.
Faced with a new external reality, the brain will activate the model which makes the best predictions associated with that external reality. If a model makes wrong predictions, we have to change the model with another one or to modify the model.
Example: Newton's symbolic model of Mechanics makes wrong predictions associated with the objects moving at a speed comparable to the speed of light, but its predictions are good (correct) at lower speed.
In any situation, the terms "correct" and "wrong" must be associated with a model or with a structure of models.
We already described the first basic hardware facility associated with the brain (human or animal). It generates truth, reality, knowledge and consciousness. Now we will describe the second basic hardware facility of the brain. This is the action on the external reality.
We already saw that faced with a section of the external reality, the brain makes at least one ZM model. A ZM model works in association with any available (or several) M-model and with any other ZMs of that brain. The main ZM is able to predict in a correct way the evolution of a section of the external reality. Such a ZM is able to make a new class of long-range models called ZAMs.
ZAMs are artificial and invariant. An artificial model is made without any direct interaction with the external reality. An invariant model is a model, which cannot be changed by direct interaction with the external reality.
A ZM model will make a ZAM model in order to modify the external reality. Once a ZAM is made, it becomes a reference model in changing the external reality. To do this, the ZAM-model works in connection with a number of AZM models. An AZM is a model which is already connected to the execution organs of a being (for human beings these are legs, hands and so on).
Once a ZAM is activated, it will simulate the requested action using any information from all models of the brain. Based on simulations, ZAM will determine if it is able or not to meet the goal. If the simulation shows that the action is possible, then the ZAM will activate AZM models for action on the external reality. The ZAM will control the AZMs to act on the external reality exactly as in the successful simulation, with good chances of success. If by any simulation the objective is impossible to reach, the brain will be blocked to do that activity.
Example: if a person has to jump over an obstacle, that person will know very fast if the jump is possible or not. The person knows this, because a ZM makes a ZAM-model, which is associated to the external reality (the person itself, the supporting surface and the obstacle, as main elements). The ZAM then simulates the jump on the model. If the simulated jump fails, the brain is blocked to do