The Boss and the Machine | Page 3

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THIS BOOK, VOLUME 43 IN THE CHRONICLES OF AMERICA
SERIES, ALLEN JOHNSON, EDITOR, WAS DONATED TO
PROJECT GUTENBERG BY THE JAMES J. KELLY LIBRARY OF
ST. GREGORY'S UNIVERSITY; THANKS TO ALEV AKMAN.

THE BOSS AND THE MACHINE, A CHRONICLE OF THE
POLITICIANS AND PARTY ORGANIZATION
BY SAMUEL P. ORTH

CONTENTS
I. THE RISE OF THE PARTY II. THE RISE OF THE MACHINE III.
THE TIDE OF MATERIALISM IV. THE POLITICIAN AND THE
CITY V. TAMMANY HALL VI. LESSER OLIGARCHIES VII.
LEGISLATIVE OMNIPOTENCE VIII. THE NATIONAL
HIERARCHY IX. THE AWAKENING X. PARTY REFORM XI.
THE EXPERT AT LAST
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
THE BOSS AND THE MACHINE
CHAPTER I.
THE RISE OF THE PARTY
The party system is an essential instrument of Democracy. Wherever
government rests upon the popular will, there the party is the organ of
expression and the agency of the ultimate power. The party is,
moreover, a forerunner of Democracy, for parties have everywhere
preceded free government. Long before Democracy as now understood

was anywhere established, long before the American colonies became
the United States, England was divided between Tory and Whig. And it
was only after centuries of bitter political strife, during which a change
of ministry would not infrequently be accompanied by bloodshed or
voluntary exile, that England finally emerged with a government
deriving its powers from the consent of the governed.
The functions of the party, both as a forerunner and as a necessary
organ of Democracy, are well exemplified in American experience.
Before the Revolution, Tory and Whig were party names used in the
colonies to designate in a rough way two ideals of political doctrine.
The Tories believed in the supremacy of the Executive, or the King; the
Whigs in the supremacy of Parliament. The Tories, by their rigorous
and ruthless acts giving effect to the will of an un-English King, soon
drove the Whigs in the colonies to revolt, and by the time of the Stamp
Act (1765) a well-knit party of colonial patriots was organized through
committees of correspondence and under the stimulus of local