The Berne Universal Copyright Convention [1988] | Page 3

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Source: International Copyright Conventions Circular 38c, Copyright
Office, Washington, DC, pages 23-35.
Notes: Universal Copyright Convention as Revised at Paris, 1971.
Convention and protocols done at Paris July 24, 1971; Ratification
advised by the Senate of the United States of America August 14, 1972;
Ratified by the President of the United States of America August 28,
1972; Ratification of the United States of America deposited with the
Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization September 18, 1972; Proclaimed by the
President of the United States of America July 18, 1974; Entered into
force July 10, 1974.

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
CONSIDERING THAT:
The Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris on July 24,
1971, together with two related protocols, the text of which, as certified
by the Director, Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs,
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, in

the French, English and Spanish languages, is hereto annexed;
The Senate of the United States of America by its resolution of August
14, 1972, two-thirds of the Senators present concurring therein, gave its
advice and consent to ratification of the Convention as revised, together
with the two related protocols;
The President of the United States of America ratified the Convention
as revised, together with the two related protocols on August 28, 1972,
in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate;
The instrument of ratification by the United States of America was
deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization on September 18, 1972, in
accordance with paragraph 3 of Article VIII of the Convention as
revised;
It is provided in paragraph 1 of Article IX of the Convention as revised
that it shall come into force three months after the deposit of twelve
instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession;
It is provided in paragraph 2(b) of each of the protocols that it shall
enter into force in respect of each State on the date of deposit of the
instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State
concerned or on the date of entry into force of the 1971 Convention
with respect to such State, whichever is the later; and
Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article IX of the
Convention as revised and paragraph 2(b) of each of the two related
protocols, the Convention as revised, together with the two related
protocols, entered into force on July 10, 1974.
NOW, THEREFORE, be it known that I, Richard Nixon, President of
the United States of America, proclaim and make public the
Convention as revised, together with the two related protocols, to the
end that they shall be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the
United States of America and by the citizens of the United States of
America and all other persons subject to the jurisdiction thereof.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have signed this proclamation and
caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.
DONE at the city of Washington this eighteenth day of July in the year
of our Lord one thousand nine hundred seventy-four and of the
independence of [SEAL] the United States of America the one hundred
ninety-ninth.

Richard Nixon
By the President: HENRY A. KISSINGER, Secretary of State
The Contracting States.
Moved by the desire to ensure in all countries copyright protection of
literary, scientific and artistic works,
Convinced that a system of copyright protection appropriate to all
nations of the world and expressed in a universal convention, additional
to, and without impairing international systems already in force, will
ensure respect for the rights of the individual and encourage the
development of literature, the sciences and the arts,
Persuaded that such a universal copyright system will facilitate a wider
dissemination of works of the human mind and increase international
understanding,
Have resolved to revise the Universal Copyright Convention as signed
at Geneva on 6 September 1952 (hereinafter called "the 1952
Convention"), and consequently,
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE I
Each Contracting State undertakes to provide for the adequate and
effective protection of the rights of authors and other copyright