The Arian Controversy

The Arian Controversy

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Title: The Arian Controversy
Author: H. M. Gwatkin
Release Date: May 11, 2006 [EBook #18377]
Language: English
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Epochs of Church History
EDITED BY THE
RIGHT HON. AND RIGHT REV. MANDELL CREIGHTON, D.D.
LATE LORD BISHOP OF LONDON

THE
ARIAN CONTROVERSY.
BY
H.M. GWATKIN, M.A.
DIXIE PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
SIXTH IMPRESSION
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA 1908
All rights reserved

CONTENTS.
PAGE LIST OF WORKS ix
CHAPTER I.
THE BEGINNINGS OF ARIANISM 1
CHAPTER II.
THE COUNCIL OF NIC?A 16
CHAPTER III.
THE EUSEBIAN REACTION 41
CHAPTER IV.
THE COUNCIL OF SARDICA 61
CHAPTER V.
THE VICTORY OF ARIANISM 80
CHAPTER VI.
THE REIGN OF JULIAN 105
CHAPTER VII.
THE RESTORED HOMOEAN SUPREMACY 118
CHAPTER VIII.
THE FALL OF ARIANISM 147
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 169
INDEX 173

LIST OF WORKS.
The following works will be found useful by students who are willing to pursue the subject further. Some of special interest or importance are marked with an asterisk.
(A.) ORIGINAL AUTHORITIES AND TRANSLATIONS.
The Church Histories of *Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, and (for the Arian side) the fragments of Philostorgius [translations in Bohn's Ecclesiastical Library].
*Eusebius, Vita Constantini and Contra Marcellum Ancyranum.
*Athanasius, especially De Incarnatione Verbi Dei, _De Decretis Synodi Nic?n?, Orationes contra Arianos, De Synodis, Ad Antiochenos, Ad Afros_. Convenient editions of most of these by Professor Bright of Oxford. [Translations of *De Incarnatione (Bindley in _Christian Classics Series) and of the Orationes_ and most of the historical works, Newman in Oxford Library of the Fathers.]
Hilary, especially De Synodis. Cyril's Catecheses [translation in Oxford Library of the Fathers]. Basil, especially Letters. Gregory of Nazianzus, especially Orationes iv. and v. (against Julian). Of minor writers, Phoebadius and Sulpicius Severus (for Council of Ariminum). Fragments of Marcellus, collected by Rettberg (G?ttingen, 1794). [German translations of most of these in Thalhofer's _Bibliothek der Kirchenv?ter. English may be hoped for in Schaff's Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers_ (vol. i. Buffalo, 1886) in 25 vols.]
Heathen writers:--Zosimus (bitterly prejudiced); Ammianus Marcellinus for 353-378 (cool and impartial); Julian, especially C?sares, Fragmentum Epistol?, and Epp. 7, 25, 26, 42, 43, 49, 52.
(B.) MODERN WRITERS.
1. For general reference:--
Gibbon's Decline and Fall (prejudiced against the Christian Empire, but narrative still unrivalled); Schiller _Geschichte der r?mischen Kaiserzeit_, Bd. ii. (church matters a weak point); Ranke, Weltgeschichte, Bd. iii. iv.
General Church Histories of Neander [translation in Bohn's _Standard Library_]; Kurtz (zehnte Aufl., 1887); Fisher (New York, 1887); also Hefele, History of the Church Councils [translation published by T. & T. Clark].
Articles in Dictionary of Christian Biography (especially those by Lightfoot, Reynolds, and Wordsworth), and in Herzog's Realencyclop?die (especially M?nchtum by Weingarten).
Weingarten's Zeittafeln z. Kirchengeschichte (3 Aufl. 1888).
(2.) For special use:--
The whole period is more or less covered by Kaye, _Some Account of the Nicene Council, 1853; *Stanley, Eastern Church_ (best account of the outside of the council); Broglie, L'��glise et l'Empire romain; Gwatkin, Studies of Arianism, 1882.
On Constantine, Burckhardt, Die Zeit Constantins, 1853; Keim, _Der Uebertritt Constantins, 1862; Brieger, Constantin der Grosse als Religionspolitiker_, 1880.
On Julian, English account by *Rendall, 1879; German lives by Neander, 1813 [translated 1850]; M��cke, 1867-69, and Rode, 1877. The French books are mostly bad. For the decline of heathenism generally, Merivale, Boyle Lectures for 1864-65; Chastel, Destruction du Paganisme, 1850; Lasaulx, Untergang des Hellenismus, 1854; Schultze, _Geschichte des Untergangs des griechisch-r?mischen Heidentums_, 1887; also Capes, University Life in Ancient Athens, 1877; Sievers, _Leben des Libanius_, 1868.
Biographies:--Fialon, Saint Athanase, 1877 (slight, but suggestive); Zahn, Marcellus von Ancyra, 1867; Reinkens, Hilarius von Poitiers, 1864; Fialon, Saint Basile, 1868; Ullmann, Gregorius von Nazianz, 2 Aufl. 1867 [translated 1851]; Kr��ger, Lucifer von Calaris, 1886; Eichhorn, Athanasii de vita ascetica Testimonia, 1886 (in opposition to Weingarten and others); Guldenpenning u. Island, _Theodosius der Grosse, 1878; various of unequal merit in The Fathers for English Readers_.
On Teutonic Arianism:--Scott, Ulfilas, Apostle of the Goths, 1885; Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, 1880-85; Revillout, _De l'Arianisme des Peuples germaniques_, 1850.
For doctrine, the general histories in German of Baur, Nitzsch, 1870; Hagenbach [translated in Clark's Foreign Theological Library], and *Harnack, Bd. ii., 1887; Dorner's Doctrine of the Person of Christ [translated in Clark's Foreign Theological Library]; *Hort, _Two Dissertations_, 1876 (on Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creeds); Caspari, Quellen, Bd. iii. (on Apostles' Creed).
On Athanasius, also Voigt, Die Lehre von Athanasius, 1861; Atzberger, Die Logoslehre des hl. Athanasius, 1880; Wilde, _Athanasius als Bestrijder der Arianen_, 1868 (Dutch).
For the Roman Catholic version of the history, M?hler, _Athanasius der Grosse, 1844; Newman, Arians of the Fourth Century_.
For short sketches giving the relation of