The Antiquity of Man | Page 8

(PLATES AND FIGURES.
PLATE 1. A VILLAGE BUILT ON PILES IN A SWISS LAKE.
FIGURE 1. SECTION OF THE NEANDERTHAL CAVE.
FIGURE 2. SIDE VIEW OF THE CAST OF PART OF A HUMAN
SKULL FOUND BY DR. SCHMERLING EMBEDDED AMONGST
THE REMAINS OF EXTINCT MAMMALIA IN THE CAVE OF
ENGIS.
FIGURE 3. SIDE VIEW OF THE CAST OF A PART OF A HUMAN
SKULL FROM A CAVE IN THE NEANDERTHAL.
FIGURE 4. OUTLINE OF THE SKULL OF AN ADULT
CHIMPANZEE, OF THAT FROM THE NEANDERTHAL, AND OF
THAT OF A EUROPEAN.
FIGURE 5. SKULL ASSOCIATED WITH GROUND FLINT
IMPLEMENTS.
FIGURE 6. OUTLINES OF THE SKULL FROM THE
NEANDERTHAL, OF AN AUSTRALIAN SKULL FROM PORT
ADELAIDE, AND OF THE SKULL FROM THE CAVE OF ENGIS.
FIGURE 7. SECTION ACROSS THE VALLEY OF THE SOMME IN
PICARDY.
FIGURE 8. FLINT IMPLEMENT FROM ST. ACHEUL, NEAR
AMIENS, OF THE SPEAR-HEAD SHAPE.
FIGURE 9. OVAL-SHAPED FLINT HATCHET FROM MAUTORT.

FIGURE 10. FLINT TOOL FROM ST. ACHEUL.
FIGURES 11, 12 AND 13. DENDRITES ON SURFACES OF FLINT
HATCHETS IN THE DRIFT OF ST. ACHEUL.
FIGURE 14. FLINT KNIFE OR FLAKE FROM BELOW THE SAND
CONTAINING Cyrena fluminalis.
FIGURE 15. FOSSILS OF THE WHITE CHALK.
FIGURE 16. SECTION OF FLUVIO-MARINE STRATA,
CONTAINING FLINT IMPLEMENTS AND BONES OF EXTINCT
MAMMALIA.
FIGURE 17. Cyrena fluminalis, O.F. Muller, sp.
FIGURE 18. Elephas primigenius.
FIGURE 19. Elephas antiquus, Falconer.
FIGURE 20. Elephas meridionalis, Nesti.
FIGURE 21. SECTION OF GRAVEL PIT CONTAINING FLINT
IMPLEMENTS AT ST. ACHEUL.
FIGURE 22. CONTORTED FLUVIATILE STRATA AT ST.
ACHEUL.
FIGURE 23. SECTION ACROSS THE VALLEY OF THE OUSE.
FIGURE 24. SECTION SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE FLINT
WEAPONS AT HOXNE.
FIGURE 25. SECTION OF PART OF THE HILL OF FAJOLES.
FIGURE 26. SECTION THROUGH THE ALLUVIAL PLAIN OF
THE MISSISSIPPI.
FIGURE 27. DIAGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE THE GENERAL

SUCCESSION OF THE STRATA IN THE NORFOLK CLIFFS.
FIGURE 28. Cyclas (Pisidium) amnica var.(?)
FIGURE 29. CLIFF 50 FEET HIGH BETWEEN BACTON GAP AND
MUNDESLEY.
FIGURE 30. FOLDING OF THE STRATA BETWEEN EAST AND
WEST RUNTON.
FIGURE 31. SECTION OF CONCENTRIC BEDS WEST OF
CROMER.
FIGURE 32. INCLUDED PINNACLE OF CHALK AT OLD HYTHE
POINT.
FIGURE 33. SECTION OF THE NEWER FRESH-WATER
FORMATION IN THE CLIFFS AT MUNDESLEY.
FIGURE 34. Paludina marginata, Michaud (P. minuta, Strickland).
Hydrobia marginata.
FIGURE 35. OVAL AND FLATTISH PEBBLES.
PLATE 2. VIEW OF THE MOUTHS OF GLEN ROY AND GLEN
SPEAN.
FIGURE 36. MAP OF THE PARALLEL ROADS OF GLEN ROY.
FIGURE 37. SECTION THROUGH SIDE OF LOCH.
FIGURE 38. DOME-SHAPED ROCKS, OR "ROCHES
MOUTONEES."
FIGURE 39. MAP OF THE BRITISH ISLES AND PART OF THE
NORTH-WEST OF EUROPE, SHOWING THE GREAT AMOUNT
OF SUPPOSED SUBMERGENCE OF LAND BENEATH THE SEA
DURING PART OF THE GLACIAL PERIOD.

FIGURE 40. MAP SHOWING WHAT PARTS OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS WOULD REMAIN ABOVE WATER AFTER A
SUBSIDENCE OF THE AREA TO THE EXTENT OF 600 FEET.
FIGURE 41. MAP OF PART OF THE NORTH-WEST OF EUROPE,
INCLUDING THE BRITISH ISLES, SHOWING THE EXTENT OF
SEA WHICH WOULD BECOME LAND IF THERE WERE A
GENERAL RISE OF THE AREA TO THE EXTENT OF 600 FEET.
FIGURE 42. MAP SHOWING THE SUPPOSED COURSE OF THE
ANCIENT AND NOW EXTINCT GLACIER OF THE RHONE.
FIGURE 43. MAP OF THE MORAINES OF EXTINCT GLACIERS
EXTENDING FROM THE ALPS INTO THE PLAINS OF THE PO
NEAR TURIN.
FIGURE 44. Succinea oblonga.
FIGURE 45. Pupa muscorum.
FIGURE 46. Helix hispida, Lin.; H. plebeia, Drap.
FIGURE 47. SOUTHERN EXTREMITY OF MOENS KLINT.
FIGURE 48. SECTION OF MOENS KLINT.
FIGURE 49. POST-GLACIAL DISTURBANCES OF VERTICAL,
FOLDED, AND SHIFTED STRATA OF CHALK AND DRIFT, IN
THE DRONNINGESTOL.
FIGURE 50. MAP SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITION AND
DIRECTION OF SEVEN TRAINS OF ERRATIC BLOCKS IN
BERKSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS, AND IN PART OF THE STATE
OF NEW YORK.
FIGURE 51. ERRATIC DOME-SHAPED BLOCK OF COMPACT
CHLORITIC ROCK.
FIGURE 52. SECTION SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE

BLOCK IN FIGURE 51.
FIGURE 53. SECTION THROUGH CANAAN AND RICHMOND
VALLEYS AT A TIME WHEN THEY WERE MARINE
CHANNELS.
FIGURE 54. UPPER SURFACE OF BRAIN OF CHIMPANZEE,
DISTORTED.
FIGURE 55. SIDE VIEW OF BRAIN OF CHIMPANZEE,
DISTORTED.
FIGURE 56. CORRECT SIDE VIEW OF CHIMPANZEE'S BRAIN.
FIGURE 57. CORRECT VIEW OF UPPER SURFACE OF
CHIMPANZEE'S BRAIN.
FIGURE 58. SIDE VIEW OF HUMAN BRAIN.)
***

GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN.

CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTORY.
Preliminary Remarks on the Subjects treated of in this Work.
Definition of the Terms Recent and Pleistocene. Tabular View of the
entire Series of Fossiliferous Strata.
No subject has lately excited more curiosity and general interest among
geologists and the public than the question of the Antiquity of the
Human Race--whether or no we have sufficient evidence in caves, or in
the superficial deposits commonly called drift or "diluvium," to prove
the former co-existence of man with certain extinct mammalia. For the