The Age of the Reformation | Page 3

The Burgundian State. Origins of the
Reformation. Persecution. The Anabaptists.
2. The Calvinist Revolt. National feeling against Spain. Financial
difficulties of Philip II. Egmont and William of Orange. The new
bishoprics. The Compromise. The "Beggars." Alva's reign of terror.
Requesens. Siege of Leyden. The Revolt of the North. Division of the
Netherlands. Farnese. The Dutch Republic.
CHAPTER VI.
ENGLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
1. Henry VIII and the National Church. Character of Henry VIII.
Foreign policy. Wolsey. Early Lutheranism. Tyndale's New Testament.
Tracts. Anticlerical feeling. Divorce of Catharine of Aragon. The
Submission of the Clergy. The Reformation Parliament 1520-30. Act in
Restraint of Appeals. Act of Succession. Act of Supremacy. Cranmer.
Execution of More. Thomas Cromwell. Dissolution of the monasteries.
Union of England and Wales. Alliance with the Schmalkaldic League.
Articles of Faith. The Pilgrimage of Grace. Catholic reaction. War.
Bankruptcy.
2. The Reformation under Edward VI. Somerset Regent. Repeal of the

treason and heresy laws. Rapid growth of Protestant opinion. The Book
of Common Prayer. Social disorders. Conspiracy of Northumberland
and Suffolk.
3. The Catholic reaction under Mary. Proclamation of Queen Jane.
Accession and policy of Mary. Repeal of Reforming Acts. Revival of
Treason Laws. The Protestant Martyrs.
4. The Elizabethan Settlement 1558-88. Policy of Elizabeth. Respective
numbers of Catholics and Protestants. Conversion of the masses. The
Thirty-nine Articles. The Church of England. Underhand war with
Spain. Rebellion of the Northern Earls. Execution of Mary Stuart. The
Armada. The Puritans.
5. Ireland.
CHAPTER VII.
SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Backward condition of Scotland. Relations with England. Cardinal
Beaton. John Knox. Battle of Pinkie. Knox in Scotland. The Common
Band. Iconoclasm. Treaty of Edinburgh. The Religious Revolution.
Confession of Faith. Queen Mary's crimes and deposition. Results of
the Reformation.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE COUNTER-REFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . 371
1. Italy. The pagan Renaissance; the Christian Renaissance. Sporadic
Lutheranism.
2. The Papacy 1521-90. The Sack of Rome. Reforms.
3. The Council of Trent. First Period (1545-7). Second Period (1551-2).
Third Period (1562-3). Results.

4. The Company of Jesus. New monastic orders. Loyola. The Spiritual
Exercises. Rapid growth and successes of the Jesuits. Their final
failure.
5. The Inquisition and the Index. The medieval Inquisition. The
Spanish Inquisition. The Roman Inquisition. Censorship of the press.
The Index of Prohibited Books.
CHAPTER IX.
THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND THE EXPANSION OF
EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
1. Spain. Unification of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella. Charles V.
Revolts of the Communes and of the Hermandad. Constitution of Spain.
The Spanish empire. Philip II. The war with the Moriscos. The
Armada.
2. Exploration. Columbus. Conquest of Mexico and of Peru.
Circumnavigation of the globe. Portuguese exploration to the East.
Brazil. Decadence of Portugal. Russia. The Turks.
CHAPTER X.
SOCIAL CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
1. Population.
2. Wealth and Prices. Increase of wealth in modern times. Prices and
wages in the Sixteenth Century. Value of money. Trend of prices.
3. Social Institutions. The monarchy, the Council of state, the
Parliament. Public finance. Maintenance of Order. Sumptuary laws and
"blue laws." The army. The navy.
4. Private life and manners. The nobility; the professions; the clergy.
The city, the house, dress, food, drink. Sports. Manners. Morals.
Position of Women. Health.

CHAPTER XI.
THE CAPITALISTIC REVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . 515
1. The Rise of the Power of Money. Rise of capitalism. Banking.
Mining. Commerce. Manufacture. Agriculture.
2. The Rise of the Money Power. Ascendancy of the bourgeoisie over
the nobility, clergy, and proletariat. Class wars. Regulation of Labor.
Pauperism.
CHAPTER XII.
MAIN CURRENTS OF THOUGHT . . . . . . . . . 563
1. Biblical and classical scholarship. Greek and Hebrew Bibles.
Translations. The classics. The vernaculars.
2. History. Humanistic history and church history.
3. Political theory. The state as power: Machiavelli. Constitutional
liberty: Erasmus, Luther, Calvin, Hotman, Mornay, Bodin, Buchanan.
Radicals: the Utopia.
4. Science. Inductive method. Mathematics. Zoölogy. Anatomy.
Physics. Geography. Astronomy; Copernicus. Reform of the calendar.
5. Philosophy. The Catholic and Protestant thinkers. Skeptics. Effect of
the Copernican theory: Bruno.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE TEMPER OF THE TIMES . . . . . . . . . 641
1. Tolerance and Intolerance. Effect of the Renaissance and
Reformation.
2. Witchcraft. Causes of the mania. Protests against it.

3. Education. Schools. Effect of the Reformation. Universities.
4. Art. The ideals expressed. Painting. Architecture. Music. Effect of
the Reformation and Counter-reformation.
5. Reading. Number of books. Typical themes. Greatness of the