The 1990 CIA World Factbook | Page 9

Air and Air Defense Forces); Border Guard
Forces; National Police Force (Sarandoi); Ministry of State Security
(WAD); Tribal Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,880,124;
2,080,725 fit for military service; 168,021 reach military age (22)
annually Defense expenditures: 9.1% of GDP (1984)
---------------------------------------------------- Country: Albania -
Geography Total area: 28,750 km2; land area: 27,400 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland Land boundaries: 768
km total; Greece 282 km, Yugoslavia 486 km Coastline: 362 km
Maritime claims: Continental shelf: not specified; Territorial sea: 15
nm Disputes: Kosovo question with Yugoslavia; Northern Epirus
question with Greece Climate: mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet
winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter Terrain:
mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast Natural resources:
crude oil, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel Land use:
21% arable land; 4% permanent crops; 15% meadows and pastures;
38% forest and woodland; 22% other; includes 1% irrigated
Environment: subject to destructive earthquakes; tsunami occur along
southwestern coast; deforestation seems to be slowing Note: strategic
location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and
Mediterranean Sea) - People Population: 3,273,131 (July 1990), growth
rate 1.9% (1990) Birth rate: 25 births/1,000 population (1990) Death
rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1990) Net migration rate: 0

migrants/1,000 population (1990) Infant mortality rate: 52 deaths/1,000
live births (1990) Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years
female (1990) Total fertility rate: 3.0 children born/woman (1990)
Nationality: noun--Albanian(s); adjective--Albanian Ethnic divisions:
Albanian 90%, Greeks 8%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and
Bulgarians) (1989 est.) Religion: Albania claims to be the world's first
atheist state; all churches and mosques were closed in 1967 and
religious observances prohibited; pre-1967 estimates of religious
affiliation--70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman
Catholic Language: Albanian (Tosk is official dialect), Greek Literacy:
75% Labor force: 1,500,000 (1987); about 60% agriculture, 40%
industry and commerce (1986) Organized labor: Central Council of
Albanian Trade Unions, 610,000 members - Government Long-form
name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state
(Stalinist) Capital: Tirane Administrative divisions: 26 districts (rrethe,
singular--rreth); Berat, Dibre, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster,
Gramsh, Kolonje, Korce, Kruje, Kukes, Lezhe, Librazhd, Lushnje, Mat,
Mirdite, Permet, Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar, Tepelene,
Tirane, Tropoje, Vlore Independence: 28 November 1912 (from
Turkey); People's Socialist Republic of Albania declared 11 January
1946 Constitution: 27 December 1976 Legal system: judicial review of
legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which
is not a true court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November (1944) Executive
branch: president of the Presidium of the People's Assembly, three vice
presidents, Presidium of the People's Assembly; chairman of the
Council of Ministers, three deputy chairmen, Council of Ministers
Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly (Kuvendi Popullor)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court Leaders: Chief of State--President of
the Presidium of the People's Assembly Ramiz ALIA (since 22
November 1982); Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of
Ministers Adil CARCANI (since 14 January 1982) Political parties and
leaders: only party--Albanian Workers Party, Ramiz Alia, first
secretary Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 Elections:
President--last held 19 February 1987 (next to be held February 1991);
results--President Ramiz Alia was reelected without opposition;
People's Assembly--last held 1 February 1987 (next to be held February

1991); results--Albanian Workers Party is the only party; seats--(250
total) Albanian Workers Party 250 Communists: 147,000 party
members (November 1986) Member of: CCC, CEMA (has not
participated since rift with USSR in 1961), FAO, IAEA, IPU, ITU, UN,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic
representation: none--the US does not recognize the Albanian
Government and has no diplomatic or consular relations with Albania;
there is no third-power representation of Albanian interests in the US or
of US interests in Albania Flag: red with a black two-headed eagle in
the center below a red five-pointed star outlined in yellow - Economy
Overview: As the poorest country in Europe, Albania's development
lags behind even the least favored areas of the Yugoslav economy. The
Stalinist-type economy operates on the principles of central planning
and state ownership of the means of production. In recent years Albania
has implemented limited economic reforms to stimulate its lagging
economy, although they do not go nearly so far as current reforms in
the USSR and Eastern Europe. Attempts at self-reliance and a policy of
not borrowing from international lenders--sometimes overlooked in
recent years--have greatly hindered the development of a broad
economic infrastructure. Albania, however, possesses considerable
mineral resources and is largely self-sufficient in food. Numerical
estimates of Albanian economic activity are subject to an especially
wide margin of error because the government is isolated and
closemouthed. GNP: $3.8 billion, per capita $1,200; real growth rate
NA% (1989 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues $2.3 billion; expenditures
$2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1989)