Ten Books on Architecture | Page 3

EXPOSURES OF THE DIFFERENT ROOMS 180
HOW THE ROOMS SHOULD BE SUITED TO THE STATION OF
THE OWNER 181
THE FARMHOUSE 183
THE GREEK HOUSE 185
ON FOUNDATIONS AND SUBSTRUCTURES 189

BOOK VII
INTRODUCTION 195
FLOORS 202
THE SLAKING OF LIME FOR STUCCO 204
VAULTINGS AND STUCCO WORK 205
ON STUCCO WORK IN DAMP PLACES, AND ON THE
DECORATION OF DINING ROOMS 208
THE DECADENCE OF FRESCO PAINTING 210
MARBLE FOR USE IN STUCCO 213
NATURAL COLOURS 214
CINNABAR AND QUICKSILVER 215
CINNABAR (continued) 216
ARTIFICIAL COLOURS. BLACK 217
BLUE. BURNT OCHRE 218
WHITE LEAD, VERDIGRIS, AND ARTIFICIAL SANDARACH 219
PURPLE 219
SUBSTITUTES FOR PURPLE, YELLOW OCHRE, MALACHITE
GREEN, AND INDIGO 220
BOOK VIII
INTRODUCTION 225
HOW TO FIND WATER 227

RAINWATER 229
VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT WATERS 232
TESTS OF GOOD WATER 242
LEVELLING AND LEVELLING INSTRUMENTS 242
AQUEDUCTS, WELLS, AND CISTERNS 244
BOOK IX
INTRODUCTION 251
THE ZODIAC AND THE PLANETS 257
THE PHASES OF THE MOON 262
THE COURSE OF THE SUN THROUGH THE TWELVE SIGNS 264
THE NORTHERN CONSTELLATIONS 265
THE SOUTHERN CONSTELLATIONS 267
ASTROLOGY AND WEATHER PROGNOSTICS 269
THE ANALEMMA AND ITS APPLICATIONS 270
SUNDIALS AND WATER CLOCKS 273
BOOK X
INTRODUCTION 281
MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS 283
HOISTING MACHINES 285
THE ELEMENTS OF MOTION 290

ENGINES FOR RAISING WATER 293
WATER WHEELS AND WATER MILLS 294
THE WATER SCREW 295
THE PUMP OF CTESIBIUS 297
THE WATER ORGAN 299
THE HODOMETER 301
CATAPULTS OR SCORPIONES 303
BALLISTAE 305
THE STRINGING AND TUNING OF CATAPULTS 308
SIEGE MACHINES 309
THE TORTOISE 311
HEGETOR'S TORTOISE 312
MEASURES OF DEFENCE 315
NOTE ON SCAMILLI IMPARES 320
INDEX 321

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
CARYATIDES FROM TREASURY OF CNIDIANS, DELPHI 6
CARYATIDES OF ERECHTHEUM, ATHENS 6
CARYATID IN VILLA ALBANI, ROME 6

CARYATIDES 7
PERSIANS 9
CONSTRUCTION OF CITY WALLS 23
TOWER OF THE WINDS, ATHENS 26
DIAGRAM OF THE WINDS 29
DIAGRAM OF DIRECTIONS OF STREETS 30
VITRUVIUS' BRICK-BOND 44
TRAVERTINE QUARRIES, ROMAN CAMPAGNA 49
EXAMPLE OF OPUS INCERTUM, CIRCULAR TEMPLE, TIVOLI
51
OPUS RETICULATUM, THERMAE OF HADRIAN'S VILLA,
TIVOLI 52
EXAMPLE OF OPUS RETICULATUM, DOORWAY OF STOA
POECILE, HADRIAN'S VILLA 52
MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS, RESTORED 54
CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPLES ACCORDING TO
ARRANGEMENTS OF COLONNADES 76
HYPAETHRAL TEMPLE OF VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH
PARTHENON AND TEMPLE OF APOLLO NEAR MILETUS 77
CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPLES ACCORDING TO
INTERCOLUMNIATION 79
EUSTYLE TEMPLE OF VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH TEMPLE
OF TEOS 81

VITRUVIUS' RULES FOR DIAMETER AND HEIGHT OF
COLUMNS COMPARED WITH ACTUAL EXAMPLES 83
DIMINUTION OF COLUMNS IN RELATION TO DIMENSIONS
OF HEIGHT 85
ENTASIS OF COLUMNS 87
FRA GIOCONDO'S IDEA OF "SCAMILLI IMPARES" 89
IONIC ORDER ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH
ORDER OF MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS 91
COMPARISON OF IONIC ORDER ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS
WITH ACTUAL EXAMPLES AND WITH VIGNOLA'S ORDER 95
BASILICA AT POMPEII 104
CORINTHIAN CAPITAL OF VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH
MONUMENTS 105
VITRUVIUS' DORIC ORDER COMPARED WITH TEMPLE AT
CORI AND THEATRE OF MARCELLUS 111
VITRUVIUS' TEMPLE PLAN COMPARED WITH ACTUAL
EXAMPLES 115
VITRUVIUS' RULE FOR DOORWAYS COMPARED WITH TWO
EXAMPLES 119
TUSCAN TEMPLE ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 121
CIRCULAR TEMPLE, TIVOLI 123
MAISON CARRÉE, NÎMES 123
PLAN OF TEMPLE, TIVOLI 123
PLAN OF TEMPLE OF VESTA, ROME 123

PLAN OF CIRCULAR TEMPLE ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 124
FORUM, TIMGAD 131
FORUM, POMPEII 133
PLAN OF BASILICA, POMPEII 134
VITRUVIUS' BASILICA, FANO 135
ROMAN THEATRE ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 147
THEATRE AT ASPENDUS 149
THEATRE PORTICO ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 152
TEPIDARIUM OF STABIAN BATHS, POMPEII 157
APODYTERIUM FOR WOMEN, STABIAN BATHS, POMPEII 157
STABIAN BATHS, POMPEII 158
PALAESTRA, OLYMPIA, AND GREEK PALAESTRA
ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 161
PLANS OF HOUSES, POMPEII 176
PLAN OF HOUSE OF SILVER WEDDING, POMPEII 177
PLAN OF TYPICAL ROMAN HOUSE 178
PERISTYLE OF HOUSE OF THE VETTII, POMPEII 179
PLAN OF HOUSE OF THE VETTII, POMPEII 179
PLAN OF VILLA RUSTICA, NEAR POMPEII 183
PLAN OF VITRUVIUS' GREEK HOUSE 186
PLAN OF GREEK HOUSE, DELOS 187

PLAN OF GREEK HOUSE DISCOVERED AT PERGAMUM 188
RETAINING WALLS 191
CONSTRUCTION OF THE ANALEMMA 271
CONSTRUCTION OF WATER SCREW 295
WATER SCREW 296
HEGETOR'S RAM AND TORTOISE 312
1. From sixteenth century MS.
2. From model by A. A. Howard.
* * * * *

VITRUVIUS
* * * * *

BOOK I

PREFACE
1. While your divine intelligence and will, Imperator Caesar, were
engaged in acquiring the right to command the world, and while your
fellow citizens, when all their enemies had been laid low by your
invincible valour, were glorying in your triumph and victory,--while all
foreign nations were in subjection awaiting your beck and call, and the
Roman people and senate, released from their alarm, were beginning to
be guided by your most noble conceptions and policies, I hardly dared,
in view of your serious employments, to publish my writings and long
considered ideas on architecture, for fear of subjecting myself to your

displeasure