Talks on Manures | Page 2

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CHAPTER XX.
The Author's Plan of Managing Manure.-- Piles as fast as it is Made.-- What it is Made of.-- Horse and Cow Manure Together.-- Horse Manure for Bedding Pigs.-- To Prevent Freezing.-- Liquid Manure from Pigs.-- Bedding Sheep.-- Piling in the Field.-- Where the Piles should be Made.-- Manure in a Basin.-- Reasons for Piling.-- What we Gain by Fermenting Manure. 83
CHAPTER XXI.
Management Continued.-- Why We Ferment Manure.-- Dr. Voelcker's Experiments showing the Loss when Manure is spread in Yards.-- Fermenting adds Nothing to Manure, but makes it more available.-- Mr. Lawes' Experiments on Wheat and Barley.-- Dr. Voelcker's Results.-- Ellwander & Barry's Experience.-- Loss of Ammonia by Fermenting.-- Waste from Leaching.-- How to Save the Liquid Manure from Cows. 94
CHAPTER XXII.
Manure on Dairy Farms.-- Wheat removes much more Nitrogen than Cheese.-- Manures for Dairy Farms.-- Letter from Hon. Harris Lewis.-- How to make more and better Manure on Dairy Farms.-- How to save and apply it.-- Letter from T. L. Harison, Esq. 101
CHAPTER XXIII.
Management of Manures on Grain Farms.-- Letter from Hon. Geo. Geddes.-- Grain on Dairy Farms.-- Sheep on Grain Farms.-- Visit to John Johnston.-- Mr. Lawes' Wheat-field.-- Mr. Geddes and Clover.-- Gypsum and Clover as Manures. 111
CHAPTER XXIV.
The Cheapest Manure a Farmer can use.-- Clover vs. Tillage.-- As Plant-Food.-- Constituents of a Crop of Clover, as compared with one of Wheat.-- Making a Farm Rich by Growing Clover. 127
CHAPTER XXV.
Dr. Voelcker's Experiments on Clover.-- Lawes and Gilbert's on Wheat.-- Clover Roots per Acre.-- Manures for Wheat.-- Liebig's Manure Theory.-- Peruvian Guano on Wheat.-- Manures and the Quality of Wheat.-- Ammonia.-- Over 50 Bushels of Wheat to the Acre. 135
CHAPTER XXVI.
Experiments on Clover Soils from Burcott Lodge Farm, Leighton Buzzard.-- Soil from Part of 11-acre Field twice Mown for Hay.-- Soil from do. once Mown for Hay and left for Seed.-- Amount of Roots left in the Soil by different Crops.-- Manures for Wheat. 149
CHAPTER XXVII.
Lawes and Gilbert's Experiments on Wheat.-- Most Valuable and Instructive Tables now first made accessible to the American Farmer.-- The growth of Wheat Year after Year on the same Land, unmanured, with Farm-yard Manure, and with various Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers. 170
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Lime as a Manure.-- Prof. Way's Experiments.-- The uses of Lime in the Soil.-- Lime in this Country.-- Composts with Lime. 215
CHAPTER XXIX.
Manures for Barley.-- Composition of Barley, grain and straw.-- Valuable Tables giving the Results of Lawes and Gilbert's Experiments on the growth of Barley, Year after Year, on the same Land, without Manure, and with different kinds of Manure.-- Manure and Rotation of Crops. 227
CHAPTER XXX.
Manures for Oats.-- Experiments at Rothamsted.-- Experiments of Mr. Bath of Virginia.-- At Moreton Farm. 252
CHAPTER XXXI.
Manures for Potatoes.-- Peruvian Guano for Potatoes.-- Manure from different Foods.-- Experiments at Moreton Farm.-- Mr. Hunter's Experiments. 255
CHAPTER XXXII.
What Crops should Manure be Applied to?-- How, and When?-- John J. Thomas' manner of Applying Manure.-- Top Dressing.-- Doct. Voelcker's Experiments. 265
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Manures on Permanent Meadows and Pastures.-- Experiments at Rothamsted. 271
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Manures for Special Crops.-- Hops.-- Indian Corn.-- Turnips.-- Mangel-Wurzel or Sugar-Beets.-- Cabbages, Parsnips, Lettuce, Onions, etc. 274
CHAPTER XXXV.
Manures for Gardens and Orchards.-- Market Gardens.-- Seed-growing Farms.-- Private Gardens.-- Hot-beds.-- Manure for Nurserymen.-- Fruit Growers.-- Hen-Manure. 294
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Different Kinds of Manures.-- Cow Manure.-- Sheep Manure.-- Buying Manure.-- Liquid Manure.-- Nightsoil and Sewage.-- Peruvian Guano.-- Salts of Ammonia and Nitrate of Soda. 302
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Bone-Dust and Superphosphate of Lime.-- Bone furnishes Nitrogen as well as Phosphate of Lime.-- Increasing the Availability of Bone with Sulphuric Acid. 314
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Special Manures.-- Liebig's Views.-- Special Manure for Wheat and Turnips.-- Rothamsted Experiments. 320
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Value of Fertilizers.-- Cost per pound of the Essential Constituents of Fertilizers.-- Value of Guanos.-- Potash as a Manure. 324
CHAPTER XL.
Restoring Fertility to the Soil, a Chapter by Sir John Bennet Lawes.-- The Treatment of a Poor Farm, to Restore it most Profitably.-- Meat-making the Back-bone of the System.-- The Use of Sheep to Manure the Soil.-- The Feeding of Cotton-seed Cake.-- Artificial Manures not Profitable on Poor Land.-- The Loss of Nitrogen.-- The Formation of Nitric Acid. 342
APPENDIX.
Letter from Edward Jessop.-- From Dr. E. L. Sturtevant.-- From M. C. Weld.-- From Peter Henderson.-- From J. B. M. anderson.-- Manure Statistics of Long Island.-- Letter from J. H. Rushmore.-- Letter from John E. Backus.-- Manure in Philadelphia.-- Various other Letters. 352

INTRODUCTION TO NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION.
Sir John Bennet Lawes kindly consented to write a Chapter for the new edition of this work. The Deacon, the Doctor, the Squire, Charlie and myself all felt flattered and somewhat bashful at finding ourselves in such distinguished company. I need not say that this new Chapter from the pen of the most eminent English agricultural investigator is worthy of a very careful study. I have read it again and again, and each time with great and renewed interest. I could wish there was