Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes | Page 6

fuci that are carbonous, or have much resemblance to this plant.
RELATED PLANTS.
The following plants are compiled in the section Thamnomyces in Saccardo. None of them are true Thamnomyces, and most of them could go into Fries' genera Rhizomorpha. I do not believe, however, it is possible to keep Rhizomorpha separate from Xylaria. The type species Xylaria setosa is quite different from the normal type of Xylarias in having entirely carbonous, filiform stems and superficial perithecia, but both of these features merge into Xylaria through so many intermediate species that there is no drawing the line of demarcation.
[Illustration: #Fig. 853.#]
XYLARIA SETOSA (Fig. 853).--Stem densely fasciculate, filiform, black, entirely carbonous. Perithecia ovate, sparse, rarely developed. Spores (teste Fuckel), ovoid, dark, 10 �� 16 mic.
This is a rare plant in Europe, growing on old sacks, matting, carpets, and similar refuse. It is generally found in cellars. I think it is not known on wood nor recorded in the United States. It resembles carbonized horse hair and was called "horse hair usnea" by old Dillenius. Our photograph of the specimen at Kew will give a good idea of it, although from the account it grows erect, and is not matted. Both Bulliard and Sowerby gave characteristic figures, both from plants growing in cellars, on old mats. It has had a great number of names, and is recorded in Saccardo as Xylaria hippotrichoides, the specific name proposed by Sowerby and used by Persoon. Some very recent juggler, I have forgotten who, dug up the old name setosa, which I adopt as being less cumbersome. Occasionally these jugglers do propose some improvement in names, and I believe in encouraging them, when their wonderful date dictionary discoveries are really better names. Saccardo gives the following synonyms: Sphaeria hippotrichoides, Ceratonema hippotrichoides, Hypoxylon loculiferum, Rhizomorpha tuberculosa, Cryptothamnium usneaeforme, Rhizomorpha setiformis, Chaenocarpus setosus, Chaenocarpus Simonini. The date expert must have had quite a job.
Xylaria adnata as described by Fuckel (Rhizomorpha adnata), and unknown to me, is evidently very similar to the preceding plant, but grows closely adnate to rotten beech wood.
Xylaria fragilis (Rhizomorpha fragilis) is imperfectly known from old records in Europe. It is probably same as above.
Xylaria hispidissima (Rhizomorpha hispidissima) from East Indies is known only from old description. It is an evident Xylaria and seems to be same as recently collected, adventitious in a hot house in Hungary, and distributed as Xylaria hungarica.
Xylaria annulata, described in 1820 from West Indies as Thamnomyces annulatus and unknown otherwise, reads like Thamnomyces chardalis, but the branches of the latter are not known to be "annulated under a lens."
[Illustration: #Fig. 854.#]
XYLARIA ANNULIPES, described and figured by Montagne as Thamnomyces annulipes from Brazil, is same as since named Xylaria marasmoides (Fig. 854) by Berkeley. Berkeley does not mention the rings on the stem as shown so plainly in Montagne's enlarged figure, nor can I note them with a lens on my photograph of Berkeley's or Montagne's types. Spegazzini refers marasmoides as a synonym for annulipes, no doubt correctly. Theissen refers it as a synonym for Xylaria aristata, an evident error. Xylaria vermiculus, recently published from Brazil by Sydow, as "Saccardo n. sp. in litt.," is, both from description and photograph, evidently the same as Xylaria annulipes.
[Illustration: #Fig. 855.#]
XYLARIA MELANURA (Fig. 855), West Indies, described as Chaenocarpus melanurus and compiled in Saccardo in section Thamnomyces, is evidently same as Xylaria gracillima in sense of Berkeley and Montagne, but not I believe as to Fries. We present a photograph made from L��veill��'s cotype.
Xylaria axillaris was not compiled in Thamnomyces in Saccardo, but is evidently a very similar if not the same plant as Xylaria setosa, and is only known from Currey's original account from Africa. It is about a half inch high, with filiform stem, and few, superficial perithecia. Spores are given as 25 to 32 mic., which are much larger than those of setosa.
Xylaria patagonica as named by Crombie as Thamnomyces and compiled in Saccardo, Vol. 9, was based on Dillenius' old (1741) figure t. 13, f. 11, from Patagonia, which, as far as the figure goes, could be Xylaria setosa. Of course, nothing as known about it.
Xylaria Schwackei, named by Hennings from Brazil, seems from description to be Xylaria melanura.
Xylaria Warburgii, named by Hennings from New Guinea, seems from the crude figure to be Xylaria carpophila.
Xylaria luzonensis, named from Philippines by Hennings, seems from crude figure to be Xylaria multiplex in original sense of Fries (not Thiessen).
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[Illustration: #Fig. 856.# Engleromyces Goetzei.]
THE GENUS ENGLEROMYCES.
Plants large, subglobose, with alveolate, sinuate carbonous exterior. Stroma white, fleshy, 1?-2 cm. thick. Perithecia carbonous, forming several stratose layers, imbedded in the stroma in the depressions. Spores 12-15��18-24, dark, smooth, curved, agreeing with Xylaria spores.
ENGLEROMYCES GOETZEI (Figs. 856 and 857).--This is the largest Pyrenomycete, and as far as known only occurs in Eastern, tropical Africa. In