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it is not to be taken along
with "assembly." There is here a further reason for the point, inasmuch
as the phrase acquires from its position almost the importance of an
independent statement. But, where the connexion between the adjective
phrase and the substantive is very close, and where there is no risk of
ambiguity, no point is to be used. "The morning was come of a mighty
day"--such a sentence needs no point. Observe also that co-ordinate
adjective phrases take a comma before them, wherever they are placed.
(See next rule.)
XIV. Adjective clauses and contracted adjective clauses are marked off
by commas, if they are used parenthetically or co-ordinately; no point
is used if they are used restrictively.[1]
The "Religio Laici," which borrows its title from the "Religio Medici"
of Browne, is almost the only work of Dryden which can be considered
as a voluntary effusion.
That sentiment of homely benevolence was worth all the splendid
sayings that are recorded of kings.
The advocates for this revolution, not satisfied with exaggerating the
vices of their ancient government, strike at the fame of their country
itself.

The ships bound on these voyages were not advertised.
Chapter VII.
, where we stopped reading, is full of interest.
The chapter where we stopped reading is full of interest.
We must explain this distinction at some length; for, on the one hand, it
is hardly ever observed, and, on the other hand, almost every sentence
that we write furnishes an example of it.
[Footnote 1: To distinguish the different kinds of adjective clauses,
different names have been used: "co-ordinating" and "restrictive"
(Bain); "continuative" and "definitive," or "restrictive" (Mason).]
Examine the first sentence which we have quoted. It contains both a
co-ordinate clause, "Which borrows its title," &c., and a restrictive
clause, "Which can be considered as a voluntary effusion." In
distinguishing them we may begin by applying tests of almost a
mechanical nature.
(a) The first clause may be thrown into the form of an independent
statement; the second cannot. Thus: "The 'Religio Laici' borrows its
title from the 'Religio Medici' of Browne. It is almost the only work,"
&c.; or, "The 'Religio Laici' (it borrows its title from the 'Religio
Medici' of Browne) is almost the only work," &c. We cannot in the
same way destroy the close connexion of the second clause with "the
only work of Dryden."
(b) The first clause may be omitted and still leave a complete and
intelligent sentence; if we were to omit the second clause, the sentence
would cease to have any meaning.
These tests may be practically useful; but they are rough and by no
means infallible. Let us see the reason for the distinction.
The name "Religio Laici" of itself tells us what thing is spoken about. It

is the name of one thing, and only of one thing. The clause that follows
informs us, indeed, of a fact concerning the poem; but the information
is given purely as information, not in order to keep us from
confounding this "Religio Laici" with some other "Religio Laici" that
did not borrow its title. "Work of Dryden," however, is the name of a
class, for Dryden wrote many works. Now the whole class is not here in
question; it must be limited, narrowed, or restricted, to one part of it,
namely Dryden's voluntary effusions; and it is thus limited, narrowed,
or restricted, by the relative clause "which can be considered as a
voluntary effusion."
Take another example, where the name in both cases is that of a class,
and note the difference of meaning which results from different
pointing:--"The houses in London which are badly built, ought to be
pulled down." "The houses in London" expresses a class of objects; the
relative clause limits the name to a smaller class, the badly built houses;
and the meaning is, that houses of this smaller class ought to be pulled
down. Now insert the comma:--"The houses in London, which are
badly built, ought to be pulled down." The class is not narrowed; and
the meaning is, that all houses in London, seeing they are badly built,
ought to be pulled down.
The difference between the two kinds of relative clauses being
understood, there will be no difficulty in applying the rule where an
adjective clause is contracted. Compare the fourth example given under
the rule with the following sentence:--"People not satisfied with their
present condition, should strive to alter it." In this sentence "not
satisfied" limits the general name "people"; the advice is given only to
one section of the people: the dissatisfied as distinguished from the
satisfied people.
So a single adjective may be used co-ordinately:
"What!" replied the Emperor, "you do not see it? It is my star,
brilliant."
This is a case where a dash