Steam, Its Generation and Use

Its Generation and Use, by Babcock & Wilcox Co.

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Title: Steam, Its Generation and Use
Author: Babcock & Wilcox Co.
Release Date: September 18, 2007 [EBook #22657]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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STEAM
ITS GENERATION AND USE
[Illustration]
THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. NEW YORK

Thirty-fifth Edition
4th Issue
Copyright, 1919, by The Babcock & Wilcox Co.
* * * * *
Bartlett Orr Press
New York

THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.
85 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. A.
Works
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[Illustration: Works of The Babcock & Wilcox Co., at Bayonne, New Jersey]
[Illustration: Works of The Babcock & Wilcox Co., at Barberton, Ohio]
[Illustration: Works of Babcock & Wilcox, Limited, Renfrew, SCOTLAND]

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[Illustration: Fonderies et Ateliers de la Courneuve, Chaudi��res Babcock & Wilcox, Paris, France]

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[Illustration: Wrought-steel Vertical Header Longitudinal Drum Babcock & Wilcox Boiler, Equipped with Babcock & Wilcox Superheater and Babcock & Wilcox Chain Grate Stoker]

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE GENERATION AND USE OF STEAM
While the time of man's first knowledge and use of the expansive force of the vapor of water is unknown, records show that such knowledge existed earlier than 150 B. C. In a treatise of about that time entitled "Pneumatica", Hero, of Alexander, described not only existing devices of his predecessors and contemporaries but also an invention of his own which utilized the expansive force of steam for raising water above its natural level. He clearly describes three methods in which steam might be used directly as a motive of power; raising water by its elasticity, elevating a weight by its expansive power and producing a rotary motion by its reaction on the atmosphere. The third method, which is known as "Hero's engine", is described as a hollow sphere supported over a caldron or boiler by two trunnions, one of which was hollow, and connected the interior of the sphere with the steam space of the caldron. Two pipes, open at the ends and bent at right angles, were inserted at opposite poles of