Scientific American Supplement, No. 821

Scientific American Supplement,
No. 821, Sep. 26, 1891

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American Supplement, No.
821,
Sep. 26, 1891, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone
anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You
may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.net
Title: Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, Sep. 26, 1891
Author: Various
Release Date: October 5, 2004 [EBook #13640]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ***

Produced by Victoria Woosley, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland and the
PG Distributed Proofreaders Team

[Illustration]

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 821

NEW YORK, September 26, 1891

Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XXXII, No. 821.
Scientific American established 1845
Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year.
Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year.
* * * * *

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
I. Architectural.--The New Labor Exchange in Paris.--With views of
the interior and exterior of the building
II. Electrical.--The Construction and Maintenance of Underground
Circuits.--By S.B. FOWLER.--A comprehensive article, discussing at
length the various devices for protecting underground circuits, methods
of inserting the cables, etc.
III. Engineering.--Railroads to the Clouds.--Sketches of a number of
mountain railroads
IV. Marine Engineering.--The French Armored Turret Ship the
Marceau.--1 engraving.--A full description of the vessel, giving
dimensions and cost
A Review of Marine Engineering during the Past Decade.--A paper
read before the Institution of Mechanical Engineers by Mr. Alfred
Blechynben, of Barrow-in-Furness.--This paper, which is continued
from Supplement No. 820, treats on steam pipes, feed water heating,
twin screws, etc.
V. Miscellaneous.--The Little House.--An article giving various hints
about the arrangement and management of small dwellings, with
special view to the best sanitary arrangements
Stilt Walking.--A sketch, with engraving, of Sylvain Dornon, the stilt
walker of Landes
Remains of a Roman Villa in England
Gum Arabic and its Modern Substitutes.--A continuation of a paper by
Dr. S. Rideal and W.E. Youle.--With 26 tables
A New Method of Extinguishing Fires.--Invented by George Dickson
and David A. Jones, of Toronto, Canada.--Apparatus designed to utilize
a mixture of water and liquefied carbonic acid
VI. Medicine and Hygiene.--The Hygienic Treatment of Obesity.--By
Dr. Paul Chebon.--Methods of eating, drinking, and exercising for the
purpose of reducing fat.--An extended article, giving valuable

information to people troubled with too much flesh
VII. Photography.--Spectroscopic Determination of the Sensitiveness
of Dry Plates.--A full description of the new plan of Mr. G.F.
WILLIAMS, for determining the sensitiveness of dry plates by the use
of a small direct vision pocket spectroscope
VIII. Physics.--A Physical Laboratory Indicator.--By J.W. MOORE, of
Lafayette College.--1 engraving.--This is a modification of the old peg
board adapted to use in the laboratory.--It indicates the names of the
members of the class, contains a full list of the experiments to be
performed, refers the student to the book and page where information
in reference to experiments or apparatus may be found, it shows what
experiments are to be performed by each student at a given time, etc.
Cailletet's Cryogen.--A description, with one engraving, of Mr.
Cailletet's new apparatus for producing temperatures from 70 degrees
to 80 degrees C., below zero, through the expansion of liquid carbonic
acid
IX. Technology.--The Manufacture of Roll Tar Paper.--An extended
article containing a historical sketch and full information as to the
materials used and the methods of manufacture
Smokeless Gunpowder.--By Hudson Maxim.--A comprehensive article
on the manufacture and use of smokeless gunpowder, giving a sketch
of its history, and describing the methods of manufacture and its
characteristics
Method of Producing Alcohol.--A description of an improved process
for making alcohol.--Invented by Mr. Alfred Springer, of Cincinnati,
Ohio
* * * * *

[Illustration: INTERIOR OF THE NEW LABOR EXCHANGE,
PARIS.]
[Illustration: NEW LABOR EXCHANGE, PARIS.]
THE NEW LABOR EXCHANGE, PARIS.
The new Labor Exchange is soon to be inaugurated. We give herewith
a view of the entrance facade of the meeting hall. The buildings, which
are the work of Mr Bouvard, architect, of the city of Paris, are
comprised within the block of houses whose sharp angle forms upon
Place de la Republique, the intersection of Boulevard Magenta and

Bondy street. One of the entrances of the Exchange is on a level with
this street. The three others are on Chateau d'Eau street, where the
facade of the edifice extends for a length of one hundred feet. From the
facade and above the balcony that projects from the first story, stand
out in bold relief three heads surrounded by foliage and fruit that
dominate the three entrance doors. These sculptures represent the
Republic between Labor and Peace. The windows of the upper stories
are set within nine rows of columns, from between the capitals of
which stand