Scientific American Supplement, No. 803, May 23, 1891 | Page 9

close inspection of the plants about the
beginning of July, the spot where the borer entered, which is generally
quite a distance from the ground, may be detected, and the caterpillar
cut out without injury to the plant. This plan is impracticable for an
extensive crop, but by destroying the borers found in the vines that wilt
suddenly, one can lessen the number another year.
THE PYRAMIDAL GRAPEVINE CATERPILLAR.
Pyrophila pyramidoides (Guen.)
This caterpillar, Fig. 21, is generally found on grapevines early in June,
but also feeds on apple, plum, raspberry, maple, poplar, etc. It is about
an inch and a half in length, with the body tapering toward the head; of
a whitish green color, darker on the sides; with a longitudinal white
stripe on the back, broader on the last segments. Low down on each
side is a bright yellow stripe, between this and the one on the back is
another less distinct, and the under surface of the body is pale green.
[Illustration: FIG. 21.]
The caterpillar is fully grown about the middle or last of June, when it
descends to the ground, draws together some of the fallen leaves, and
makes a cocoon, in which it soon changes to a mahogany brown pupa.
[Illustration: FIG. 22.]
In the latter part of July the perfect moth, Fig. 22, emerges, measuring,
when its wings are expanded, about one and three-fourths inches; the
fore wings are dark brown shaded with lighter, with dots and wavy
lines of dull white. The hind wings are reddish, or of a bright copper
color, shading to brown on the outer angle of the front edge of the wing,
and paler toward the hinder and inner angle.
The under surface of the wings is lighter than the upper, and the body is
dark brown, with its posterior portion banded with lines of a paler hue.
This pest may be destroyed by hand picking, or by jarring the trees or

vines on which they are feeding, when they will fall to the ground and
may be crushed or burned.
THE GRAPE BERRY MOTH.
Eudemis botrana (S.V.)
The moths emerge and fly early in June, and are quite small, measuring,
when the wings are expanded, only two-fifths of an inch, Fig. 23, a,
enlarged. The fore wings are purplish or slate brown from the base to
the middle, the outer half being irregularly marked with dark and light
brown.
[Illustration: FIG. 23.]
These insects are two-brooded and the first brood feeds not only on the
leaves of the grape, but on tulip, sassafras, vernonia and raspberry. The
caterpillars of the second brood emerge when the grapes are nearly
grown, and bore in them a winding channel to the pulp, continuing to
eat the interior of the berry till the pulp is all consumed, Fig. 23, d,
when, if not full grown, they draw one or two other berries close to the
first and eat the inside of those.
The mature caterpillar, Fig. 23, b, measures about half an inch in length,
is dull greenish, with head and thoracic shield somewhat darker; the
internal organs give the body a reddish tinge. It then leaves the grape
and forms its cocoon by cutting out a piece of a leaf, leaving it hinged
on one side; then rolling the cut end over, fastens it to the leaf, thus
making for itself a cocoon in which to pupate. The pupa is dark reddish
brown.
The second generation passes the winter in the pupa state, attached to
leaves which fall to the ground; therefore, if all the dead and dried
leaves be gathered in the fall and burned, also all the decayed fruit, a
great many of these insects would be destroyed. As the caterpillars feed
inside of the berry, no spraying of the vines with poisons would reach
them. The caterpillar makes a discolored spot where it enters the berry,
Fig. 23, c. Therefore the infested fruit may be easily detected and

destroyed.
There is a small parasite that attacks this insect and helps to keep it in
check. The insect has been known in Europe over a hundred years. It is
not certain when it was introduced into America, but it is now found
from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean.
THE CODLING MOTH.
Carpocapsa pomonella (Linn.)
This well known insect has a world-wide reputation, and is now found
wherever apples are raised.
[Illustration: FIG. 24.]
The moths are on the wing about the time the young apples are
beginning to set, and the female lays a single egg in the blossom end of
each apple. The fore wings of the moths when expanded, Fig. 24, g (f,
with the wings closed), measure about half an inch across, and are
marked with alternate