Scientific American Supplement, No. 611, September 17, 1887

Scientific American Supplement, No. 611, September 17, 1887

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American Supplement, No. 611,
September 17, 1887, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: Scientific American Supplement, No. 611, September 17, 1887
Author: Various
Release Date: October 26, 2005 [EBook #16948]
Language: English
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[Illustration]

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 611

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 17, 1887
Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XXIV., No. 611.
Scientific American established 1845
Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year.
Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE I. BIOGRAPHY.--The New Statue of Philip Lebon.--Biography of the French pioneer inventor of gas lighting, with notes on the recent inauguration of his statue.--1 illustration. 9757
II. CHEMISTRY.--The Analysis of Urine.--An elaborate investigation of the method of analyzing chemically and microscopically this fluid, with illustrations of the apparatus employed.--4 illustrations 9758
III. ELECTRICITY.--Electrical Alarm for Pharmacists.--An apparatus for indicating to the pharmacist when he removes from the shelf a bottle containing poison.--2 illustrations. 9753
Electric Steel Railways.--By GEORGE W. MANSFIELD.--A full discussion of the problem of electric railways; comparison with horse and cable traction. 9752
IV. ENGINEERING.--Improved Oscillating Hydraulic Motor.--A small motor for household use, as for driving sewing machines and other domestic machinery.--8 illustrations. 9751
The Ceara Harbor Works.--A remarkable engineering work now in progress in Brazil; the formation of an artificial harbor.--4 illustrations. 9752
V. GEOLOGY.--Notes of a Recent Visit to Some of the Petroleum-Producing Territories of the United States and Canada.--By BOVERTON REDWOOD, F.I.C., F.C.S.--The second portion of this valuable paper, treating more particularly of Canadian petroleum. 9765
VI. METEOROLOGY.--The "Meteorologiske Institut" at Upsala, and Cloud Measurements.--The methods used and results attained in the famous Upsala observatory under Profs. Ekholm and Hagstr?m; the measurement of clouds.--1 illustration. 9764
VII. MISCELLANEOUS.--Drawing Instrument for Accurate Work.--By J. LEHRKE.--A magnifying instrument for fine work and measurements.--2 illustrations. 9754
Liquid and Gaseous Rings.--Notes on the production of vortex rings.--The different aspects and breaking up of smoke rings.--6 illustrations. 9760
Scenes among the Extinct Volcanoes of Rhineland.--The picturesque features of the geological formations of this region described.--10 illustrations. 9762
Shall We Have a National Horse?--An eloquent plea by RANDOLPH HUNTINGTON for the production of a good type of animal.--Use of the Arabian horse as an improver of the breed. 9760
VIII. NAVAL ENGINEERING.--Trial Trip of the Ohio.--The remarkable results attained by the introduction of new boilers and machinery in an American steamship. 9751
IX. PHYSIOLOGY.--Apparatus for Determining Mechanically the Reaction Period of Hearing.--An interesting study of the time of transmission of an impulse through the sensor and motor nerves.--1 illustration. 9753
X. SANITATION.--A New Disinfector.--Description of a new apparatus for disinfecting by superheated steam and air, with tabular statement of elaborate tests made with it.--2 illustrations. 9754
Trees from a Sanitary Aspect.--By CHARLES ROBERTS, F.R.C.S., etc.--The sanitary value of trees considered by this eminent sanitarian.--The uses and abuses of shade near houses. 9765
XI. TECHNOLOGY.--A New Alkali Process.--The Parnell & Simpson process of making carbonate of soda, combining the features of the Leblanc and ammonia methods. 9755
A New Process for the Distillation and Concentration of Chemical Liquids.--By GEORGE ANDERSON, of London.--An apparatus and process especially adapted to the manufacture of sulphate of ammonia.--The invention of Alex. Angus Croll described.--1 illustration. 9757
Barlow's Machine for Moulding Candles.--A new apparatus for candle manufacture, fully described and illustrated.--5 illustrations. 9754
Temperature of Gas Distillation.--The mooted question discussed by Mr. WM. FOULIS, the eminent gas engineer. 9756
The Largest Black Ash Furnace in the World.--Note of a recent furnace for use in the Leblanc process of soda manufacture. 9756
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IMPROVED OSCILLATING HYDRAULIC MOTOR.
The motor of MM. Schaltenbrand & Moller is adapted for use for household purposes, where small power is required, as in driving sewing machines.
Fig. 1 shows the motor with all its parts in side elevation, the flywheel and head rest being in section. Fig. 2 is a side view, with the air reservoir and distribution valve in section through the line 1-2. Figs. 3 and 4 represent the same apparatus, but without support, as where it is to be used on the table of a sewing machine, with the crank of the motor directly fastened to the flywheel of the sewing machine. Fig. 5 is a plan or horizontal section at the level of the line 3-4, and Fig. 6 is a section passing through the same line, but only including the cylinder and axis of the distributing valve. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of the button of the cock through the line 5-6 of Fig. 3. Finally, Fig. 8 shows in detail, plan, and elevation the arrangement of the starting