Scientific American Supplement, No. 455, September 20, 1884 | Page 3

poured into a mixture of
equal parts of anhydrous alcohol and ether. In this way the new
compound is obtained as a very fine, pure white powder which rapidly
settles. It has much the appearance of starch. Under the microscope it is
perfectly amorphous. In the air it deliquesces much more rapidly than
ignited calcium chloride.

Treated with dilute mineral acids or oxalic acid on the water-bath
gallisin is transformed into dextrose. It does not ferment when treated
in water solution with fresh yeast. The analyses led to the formula
C{12}H{24}O{10}. When treated under pressure with three times its
weight of acetic anhydride at 130-140° it dissolves perfectly. From the
solution a product was separated which on analysis gave results
agreeing with the formula C{12}H{18}O{10}(C{2}H{3}O){6}. The
substance appears therefore to be hexacetylgallisin.
Physiological experiments on lower animals and human beings
demonstrated clearly that gallisin has neither directly nor indirectly
any injurious effect on the health.--Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen
Gesellschaft, 17, 1000; Amer. Chem. Jour.
* * * * *

THE COMBINING WEIGHTS, VOLUMES, AND SPECIFIC
GRAVITIES OF ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.
Under the title of "Figures Worth Studying," Mr. William Farmer, of
New York, read a paper before a recent meeting of the Society of Gas
Lighting, from which the American Gas Light Journal gives the
following:
I have prepared the following table, which contains some of the
elements and compounds, with their combining weights, volumes, and
specific gravities. When the combining weight of any of these elements
and compounds is taken in pounds, then the gas or vapor therefrom
will always occupy about 377.07 cubic feet of space, at 60° Fahr. and
30 inches barometer. If we divide this constant 377.07 by the
combining weight of any of the substances, then the quotient will be the
number of cubic feet per pound of the same. If we divide the combining
weight of any of the substances given in the table by 2, then the
quotient will give the density of the same, as compared with hydrogen.
If we divide the combining weight of any of the substances by the
constant 28.87, then the quotient will be the specific gravity of the gas

or vapor therefrom, as compared with air. All the calculations are
based on the atomic weights which are now generally adopted by the
majority of chemists.
------------------------------------------------------------------- | | |Cub. Ft.| | |
| | per | | | Combi- |Cub. Ft.| Combi- |Specific| | ning | per | ning
|Gravity | |Weight. | Pound. |Weight. |Air = 1.|
------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------| Hydrogen
(H{2}) | 2.00 | 188.53 | 377.07 | 0.0692 | Carbon vapour (C{2}) | 23.94 |
15.75 | 377.07 | 0.8292 | Nitrogen (N{2}) | 28.06 | 13.43 | 377.07 |
0.9719 | Oxygen (O{2}) | 31.92 | 11.81 | 377.07 | 1.1056 | Chlorine
(Cl{2}) | 71.00 | 5.31 | 377.07 | 2.4593 | Bromine (Br{2}) | 160.00 |
2.35 | 377.07 | 5.5420 | Flourine (F{2}) | 38.00 | 9.92 | 377.07 | 1.3162
| Iodine (I{2}) | 253.20 | 1.48 | 377.07 | 8.7703 | Sulphur (S{2}) | 63.96
| 5.89 | 377.07 | 2.2154 | Phosphorus (P{4}) | 123.84 | 3.04 | 377.07 |
4.2895 | Carbonic oxide (CO) | 27.03 | 13.50 | 377.07 | 0.9674 |
Carbonic acid (CO{2}) | 48.89 | 8.59 | 377.07 | 1.5202 | Water vapour
(H{2}O) | 17.06 | 20.99 | 377.07 | 0.6221 | Hydrogen sulphide (H{2}S)
| 33.08 | 11.09 | 377.07 | 1.1770 | Ammonia (H{2}N) | 17.03 | 22.14 |
377.07 | 0.5898 | Sulphurous oxide (SO{2}) | 63.90 | 5.90 | 377.07 |
2.2133 | Sulphuric oxide (SO{3}) | 79.86 | 4.72 | 377.07 | 2.7662 |
Cyanogen (C{2}N{2}) | 52.00 | 7.25 | 377.07 | 1.8011 | Bisulphide of
carbon (CS{2}) | 75.93 | 4.96 | 377.07 | 2.6300 | Ethyl alcohol
(C{2}H{6}O) | 45.90 | 8.21 | 377.07 | 1.5898 | Ethyl ether
(C{4}H{10}O) | 73.84 | 5.10 | 377.07 | 2.5576 | Methyl alcohol
(CH{4}O) | 31.93 | 11.81 | 377.07 | 1.1059 | Methyl chloride (CH{3}Cl)
| 50.47 | 7.47 | 377.07 | 1.7482 | Carbonyl chloride (COCl{2}) | 98.93 |
3.81 | 377.07 | 3.4267 | Phosphine gas (PH{3}) | 33.96 | 11.10 | 377.07
| 1.1769 | Hydrochloric acid (HCl) | 36.50 | 10.33 | 377.07 | 1.2642 |
Methane (CH{4}) | 15.98 | 26.61 | 377.07 | 0.5531 | Ethane (C{2}H{6})
| 29.94 | 12.50 | 377.07 | 1.0370 | Propane (C{3}H{8}) | 43.91 | 8.58 |
377.07 | 1.5209 | Butane (C{4}H{10}) | 57.88 | 6.51 | 377.07 | 2.0048 |
Ethene (C{2}H{4}) | 27.94 | 13.49 | 377.07 | 0.9677 | Propene
(C{3}H{6}) | 41.91 | 8.99 | 377.07 | 1.4516 | Butene (C{4}H{8}) |
55.88 | 6.74 | 377.07 | 1.9355 |