Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 | Page 7

in No. 30.
37. Fastening when a lever is used, and is employed when hauling upon large ropes, where the strength of several men are necessary.
38. A "pudding splice." This is commenced, like the others, by placing the rope end to end, the turns of the one being passed between those of the other; having first swelled out the yarns by a "rat's-tail," we put them, two by two, one over the other, twisting them tightly, and opening a way for them with the marlinspike. The inconvenience of this splice is, that it is larger in diameter than the rope itself; but when made sufficiently long, by gradually reducing the size of the strands, it has great strength.
39. This shows two strands, a and b, of the ropes, A B, knotted together, being drawn as tight as possible; we unlay the strand, a', of the rope, A, for half the length of the splice, and twist the strand, b', of the rope, B, strongly in its place, tying a' and b' together tightly. The same process is again gone through on the rope, B, the strand, a", of the rope, A, being knotted to the strand, b", of the rope, B. When all the strands are thus knotted together, we interlace them with the strands of the cable. Thus the strands, a a' a", are interlocked by being passed alternately above and below the turns of the cord, B, the ends being also sometimes "whipped." In the same manner the strands, b b' b", pass alternately over and under the strands of the rope, A, and are in like manner "whipped." It is important that the several interlacings and knots should not meet at one point; we reduce the size of the strands towards the end, so that they loose themselves in the body of the splice, cutting off such parts as may project. This splice is employed for joining the ends of a rope when a chafed part has been cut out, and is quite as strong as the rope itself.
40. Belaying-pin opened to serve as a button; these are used where it is necessary to stop or check velocity.
41. Chain knot, or fastening.
42. Variable or regulating lashing. By laying the piece, a f, horizontally, it can be slipped along the rope, b; by raising or lowering this, we shall raise or depress the weight, c, the cord, b, running over the two pulleys, d, from the piece, a f, in the direction shown in the figure. The friction of the cord, b, passing through the hole, e, sufficiently fixes the piece, a f, and holds the weight, c, securely.
43. Cleet, with three ties.
44. Cleet, showing the mode of belaying the cord.
45. The piece, a f, of No. 42.
46. Fair leader.
47. Cleet to be fixed to a stay.
48. Loop for slipping other lines.
49. A "bend" which is only used for fear of the stoppers snapping.
50. Bastard loop, made on the end of the rope, and whipped with yarns.
51. Tie to pins: a, the pin; b, small cords fixed by a cross tie.
52. Cleet, fixed to the "rail," either with screws or nails, to which the lines are belayed.
53. Waterman's knot.
54. Fair leader.
55. Tie, or bend to pier.
56. Simple fastening to tie.
57. Fastening by a loop. This can be tied or untied without loosening the loop itself. It is made by following, towards the longer loop, the direction as numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and is terminated by the loop, 6, 7, 6, finally passing it over the head of the post, A. This knot holds itself, the turns being in opposite directions. To untie it, we slack the turns of the cable sufficiently to again pass the loop, 6, 7, 6, over the post, A, and turn the ends in the contrary direction to that in which they were made (as 5, 4, 3, 2, 1).
58. Iron "shell," in two views.
59 and 60. "Wedding" knots; a b, eyelets; c d, the join; e, the fastening.
61. Lark's-head fastening to running knot.
62. A round turn; the cord, a, is passed through the bight of the cord, b, over the button, c, where it is secured by an ordinary knot.
63. Belaying-pin splice. The cord, b, "stops" the pin, e, its end being spliced upon itself, and "served" with yarn; this rope, with its pin, is passed through the spliced eye, f of the line, g.
64. Round button.
65. Joint by a spherical shell, each loop, a and b, being made by ties and splices, and surrounding the shell, c.
66. Belaying-pin, shown separately, before being stoppered.
67. Fastening to shears.
68. Square mooring. When the cable is round the post, A, and the piece, c, without being crossed, it lays in the section 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and the end is fastened by