Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch

Scandinavian influence on
Southern Lowland Scotch

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scandinavian influence on Southern
Lowland
Scotch, by George Tobias Flom This eBook is for the use of anyone
anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You
may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.net
Title: Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch
Author: George Tobias Flom
Release Date: January 5, 2005 [EBook #14604]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK
SOUTHERN LOWLAND SCOTCH ***

Produced by David Starner, Louise Hope and the PG Online
Distributed Proofreading Team

[Transcriber's Note:
This text includes a number of characters that could not be fully
represented in Latin-1 text encoding. These characters are shown

within brackets: [*g] = Gaelic g [vg] = g with caron ^{u} superscript u
(circumflex accent is not used in this text) Vowels with diacritics are
"unpacked" and shown from top to bottom. Some examples: [´æ] = æ
with acute accent [-e] = e with macron (long e) [)e] = e with breve
(short e) [e,] = e with ogonek (hook open to right)
Italicized letters or words are enclosed in underlines.]
* * * * *
SCANDINAVIAN INFLUENCE ON SOUTHERN LOWLAND
SCOTCH
A Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Relations of English and
Scandinavian
by
GEORGE TOBIAS FLOM, B.L., A.M. Sometime Fellow in German,
Columbia University

AMS PRESS, INC. NEW YORK 1966

Copyright 1900, Columbia University Press, New York
Reprinted with the permission of the Original Publisher, 1966
AMS PRESS, INC. New York, N.Y. 10003 1966
Manufactured in the United States of America
* * * * *
ERRATA.
P. vi, l. 10, for _norrnøe_, read _norrøne_.

P. viii, l. 5, for Wyntown, read Wyntoun and so elsewhere.
P. x, l. 11 from bottom, for Koolmann, read Koolman and so elsewhere.
P. xi, l. 1, for Paul, read _Kluge_; l. 2, for Hermann Paul, read
Friedrich Kluge.
P. 5, l. 6 from bottom, for in York, read and York.
P. 13, last line, for or [-æ] [-e,], read [-æ] or [-e,].
P. 18, l. 3 from bottom, for Skaif, read _Skæif_.
P. 19, l. 13, for is to, read is to be.
P. 21, l. 10, for Fiad, read Faid.
P. 26, l. 2, aparasta should be aprasta.
P. 31, under Bront (See Skeat _brunt_) should be See Skeat brunt.
P. 32, under Byrd, for b[-o]ræ, read böræ.
P. 47, under Hansel, for Bruce, V, 120, Hansell used ironically means
"defeat," read: Bruce, V, 120, hansell, etc.
P. 50, under Laike, for _i-diphthong_, read _æi-diphthong_.
P. 66, under Swarf, in the last line for O. Fr. read O.F.
P. 74, l. 19, for e to a, read _e to æ_.
[Transcriber's Note: The above changes, listed in the printed book, have
been made in the e-text without further notation. In addition, all
references to _Paul's Grundriss, 2 Auflage, I Band_ have been
regularized to _P.G.(2)I_ to agree with the author's list of
abbreviations.
The following apparent errors, not mentioned in the Errata, have not

been changed but are noted here:
P. 5, last line, the form _b[`y]r_ ?should be the form _býr_
P. 28 _Bein, bene, bein_: duplication in original
P. 28 under Bing, Douglass ?should be Douglas
P. 29 under _Blout, blowt_, Douglas, III, 76; II, ?should be Douglas, III,
76, 11
P. 49 under Irking, Winyet, II, 76; I ?should be II, 76, 1
P. 55 under _Quey, quoy_: O. N. Norse
P. 69 under Skyle, Fer. ?should be Far.
P. 79 under _[-æ]_, [-æ] > e, e ?should be [-æ] > a, e
End of Transcriber's Note.]

To
Prof. WILLIAM H. CARPENTER, Ph.D. Prof. CALVIN THOMAS,
A.M. Prof. THOMAS R. PRICE, LL.D. of Columbia University in the
City of New York
IN GRATITUDE

PREFACE.
This work aims primarily at giving a list of Scandinavian loanwords
found in Scottish literature. The publications of the Scottish Text
Society and Scotch works published by the Early English Text Society
have been examined. To these have been added a number of other
works to which I had access, principally Middle Scotch. Some words

have been taken from works more recent--"Mansie Wauch" by James
Moir, "Johnnie Gibb" by William Alexander, Isaiah and The Psalms by
P. Hately Waddell--partly to illustrate New Scotch forms, but also
because they help to show the dialectal provenience of loanwords.
Norse elements in the Northern dialects of Lowland Scotch, those of
Caithness and Insular Scotland, are not represented in this work. My
list of loanwords is probably far from complete. A few early Scottish
texts I have not been able to examine. These as well as the large
number of vernacular writings of the last 150