Roumania Past and Present | Page 3

other authors have done, to predict the
future relations of Roumania in regard to it. An American humourist
has said, 'Never prophesy unless you know,' and many a writer on
Roumania must wish that he had refrained from dealing with
probabilities, or from prognosticating the coining events of history. The
future of the East depends upon a variety of divergent considerations:
upon the relations of the Government of Russia with its people; the
course of events in the newly acquired provinces of Austria, and the
delicate relations between Austria and Hungary; the future action of the
Prince and people of Bulgaria, the former of whom is at present under
Russian influence; upon the growing power and influence of Greece;
and, lastly, upon the possible, but not probable, regeneration of Turkey.
And without speaking for others, I should feel it presumptuous, under
the circumstances, to deal in prophecies.
As to the best policy for Great Britain, however, that is perfectly clear,
and may be summed up in a short sentence. It is to facilitate, by pacific
means, the solution of every difficulty and problem as it arises, and
wherever it is possible, through our influence, to support and encourage
constitutional government against autocracy and despotism. This we
can do with great advantage in our relations with Roumania, and it will
be a source of much gratification to me if the information which I have
here attempted to disseminate should have the slightest tendency in that
direction.
JAMES SAMUELSON.
CLAUGHTON, BIRKENHEAD: April 20, 1882.
[Footnote 1: Chapter vi. and Appendix IV.]
[Footnote 2: P. 270, note.]

CONTENTS.

PART I.
ROUMANIA, TO-DAY.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE 3
II. GEOGRAPHICAL--ARCHÆOLOGICAL 20
III. THE NAVIGATION OF THE DANUBE 30
IV. TOPOGRAPHICAL, ETC. 36
V. TOPOGRAPHICAL--COMMERCIAL 67
VI. AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL--THE PEASANT
PROPRIETARY 74
VII. EDUCATIONAL--ETHNOGRAPHICAL 88
VIII. JUDICIAL AND PENAL 100

PART II.
HISTORICAL.
IX. FROM THE GETÆ (ABOUT 335 B.C.) TO THE CLOSE OF THE
ROMAN DOMINATION IN DACIA (ABOUT A.D. 274) 115

X. FROM THE EVACUATION OF DACIA BY AURELIAN
(ABOUT 274 A.D.) TO THE END OF THE BARBARIAN RULE
(ABOUT THE CLOSE OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY) 138
XI. FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE PRINCIPALITIES,
BETWEEN THE MIDDLE OF THE THIRTEENTH AND OF THE
FOURTEENTH CENTURIES, TO THE ACCESSION OF MICHAEL
THE BRAVE, A.D. 1593 161
XII. THE TIMES AND CAREER OF MICHAEL THE BRAVE 170
XIII. FROM THE DEATH OF MICHAEL THE BRAVE (A.D. 1601)
TO THE DEPOSITION OF PRINCE COUZA (A.D. 1866) 199
XIV. FROM THE DEPOSITION OF PRINCE COUZA (1866) TO
THE CORONATION OF KING CHARLES (1881) 233
XV. PRESENT ROUMANIAN LEADERS AND THEIR POLICY 258
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX
I. MOVEMENTS AND SETTLEMENTS OF NATIONALITIES AND
BARBARIAN TRIBES 272-3
II. THE 'CAPITULATIONS' 274
III. THE ROUMANIAN CONSTITUTION 275
IV. THE PEASANT PROPRIETARY OF ROUMANIA 277
V. LIST OF WORKS (WITH REFERENCES TO TEXT) 278
CLASSIFIED INDEX 281

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

AUTOTYPE PLATES.
CATHEDRAL OF CURTEA D'ARDGES Photograph by Duschek
Frontispiece
VIEW OF BUCAREST " " To face p. 40
PORTRAIT OF QUEEN ELISABETH OF ROUMANIA IN After
Duschek " 258 THE NATIONAL COSTUME
WOODCUTS IN TEXT.
[Engraved by G. PEARSON.]
PAGE
ROUMANIAN PEASANTS IN WORKING DRESS Photograph by
Duschek 7
PEASANTS AT A WELL " " " 8
SUBTERRANEAN DWELLINGS WITH PEASANTS " " " 10
ENTRANCE TO CARPATHIAN VILLAGE " " " 12
MEN AND WOMEN ROAD-MAKING " " " 13
TERMINAL PIER OF TRAJAN'S BRIDGE ON Sketch by Author 21
ROUMANIAN SHORE
TERMINAL PIER OF TRAJAN'S BRIDGE ON SERVIAN SIDE " " "
24
PLAN OF BUCAREST Reduced from Original by Prof. Zamphirolu
37
MONK AND NUN After Duschek 39
FRUITSELLER OF BUCAREST " " 48

GIPSY FLOWER-SELLER " " 49
GIPSY MUSICIANS " " 52
ROUMANIAN GIRL " " 53
GIPSY WOMAN " " 53
TRACERY ON SHIELD ON THE EXTERIOR OF Copied from
Reissenberger 60 THE CATHEDRAL OF CURTEA D'ARDGES
THE SAME--ANOTHER PATTERN " " " 61
AT THE CABARET ON A HOLIDAY After Duschek 73
ROUMANIAN PLOUGHSHARE Sketch by Author 75
THE HORA, NATIONAL DANCE OF ROUMANIA After Duschek
98
SECTION OF THE TELEGA PENAL SALT MINE _Reduced by
Author from Plan 107 of M. d'Istrati, Engineer of the Mine_
SALT MOUND IN FLOOR OF MINE Sketch by Author 110
DACIAN WARRIOR (initial letter) _From Piranese's Etchings of 115
reliefs on Trojan's Column_
TRAJAN ADDRESSING HIS ARMY " " " 126
DACIANS SETTING FIRE TO THEIR CAPITAL " " " 129
DACIAN TROPHIES " " " 137
EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF MICHAEL THE BRAVE AT
BUCAREST After Duschek 177
STATUE OF MICHAEL CANTACUZENE IN THE COLTZA
HOSPITAL " " 200 (initial letter)

DEFENCES OF PLEVNA 244
PRINCE (NOW KING) CHARLES _Photograph by Duschek 251
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, BEFORE PLEVNA taken on the spot_
PORTRAIT, WITH AUTOGRAPH, OF M.C.A. ROSETTI After
Duschek 264
PORTRAIT OF M. BRATIANO " " 265