Prince Henry the Navigator, the Hero of Portugal and of Modern Discovery, 1394-1460 A.D. | Page 5

originals in his Recueil pour Sevir à l'histoire de la géographie; (3)
Yule's Cathay and the Way Thither; (4) Yule's Marco Polo; (5)
Benjamin of Tudela and others in Wright's Early Travels in Palestine;

(6) Yule's Friar Jordanus; (7) Sir John Mandeville's Travels.
IV. For Chapter IV. (Maritime Exploration): (1) The Marino Sanuto
Map of 1306; (2) the Laurentian Portolano of 1351; (3) The Catalan
Map of 1375-6; (4) scattered notices collected in early chapters of R.H.
Major's Prince Henry the Navigator; (5) Béthencourt's Conquest of the
Canaries (Hakluyt Society, ed., Major); (6) Wappäus' Heinrich der
Seefahrer, part 2.
V. For Chapter V. (Geographical Science): (1) Neckam's De Naturis
Rerum; (2) the seven chief Mappe-Mondes of the fourteenth and early
fifteenth centuries; (3) the leading Portolani; (4) scattered notices, e.g.,
from Guyot de Provins' "Bible," Brunetto Latini, Beccadelli of Palermo,
collected in early chapters of Major's Henry the Navigator; (5)
Wauwerman's Henri le Navigateur.
VI. For Chapter VI. (Portugal to 1400): (1) The Chronicle of Don John
I.; (2) Oliveiro Martins' Sons of Don John I.; (3) A. Herculano's History
of Portugal; (4) Osbernus de Expugnatione Lixbonensi.
VII. For Chapter VII. (Henry's position in 1415): Azurara's Discovery
and Conquest of Guinea.
VIII. For Chapter VIII. (Ceuta): (1) Azurara's Chronicle of the
Conquest of Ceuta; (2) Azurara's Discovery of Guinea.
IX. For Chapter IX. (Henry's Settlement at Sagres): (1) Azurara's
Guinea; (2) De Barro's Asia; (3) Wauwerman's Henri le Navigateur et
l'École Portugaise de Sagres.
X. For Chapter X. (Cape Bojador and the Azores): (1) Azurara's
Guinea; (2) O. Martins' Sons of Don John I.
XI. For Chapter XI. (Henry's Political Life, 1433-41): (1) Pina's
Chronicle of King Edward; (2) O. Martins' Sons of Don John I.; (3)
Azurara's Chronicle of John I.; (4) Pina's Chronicle of Affonso V.
XII. For Chapter XII. (From Boyador to Cape Verde).--(1) Azurara's

Guinea; (2) De Barros; (3) Pina's Chronicle of Affonso V.; (4) O.
Martins' Sons of Don John I.
For Chapters XIII. to the end.--(1) Azurara's Discovery and Conquest
of Guinea; (2) Narratives of Cadamosto and Diego Gomez; (3) Pina's
Chronicle of Affonso V.; (4) Prince Henry's Charters.
The three modern lives of Prince Henry which I have chiefly consulted
are:
R.H. Major's Henry the Navigator, Wappäus' Heinrich der Seeffahrer,
and De Weer's Prinz Heinrich, with O. Martins' Lives of the Infants of
the House of Aviz in his Sons of Don John I.
The maps and illustrations have been planned in a regular series.
I. As to the former, they are meant to show in an historical succession
the course of geographical advance in Christendom down to the death
of Prince Henry (1460). Setting aside the Ptolemy, which represents the
knowledge of the world at its height in the pre-Christian civilisation,
and the Edrisi which represents the Arabic followers of Ptolemy, whose
influence upon early Christian geography was very marked, all the
maps reproduced belong to the science of the Christian ages and
countries. The two Mappe-mondes above referred to are both placed in
the introductory chapter, and are treated only as the most important
examples of the science which the Græco-Roman Empire bequeathed
to Christendom, but which between the seventh and thirteenth centuries
was chiefly worked upon by the Arabs. Among early Christian maps,
that of St. Sever, possibly of the eighth century, the Anglo-Saxon map
of the tenth century, the Turin Map of the eleventh, and the Spanish
map of the twelfth (1109), represent very crude and simple types of
sketches of the world, in which within a square or oblong surrounded
by the ocean a few prominent features only, such as the main divisions
of countries, are attempted. The Anglo-Saxon example, though greatly
superior to the others given here, essentially belongs to this kind of
work, where some little truth is preserved by a happy ignorance of the
travellers' tales that came into fashion later, but where there is only the
vaguest and most general knowledge of geographical facts.

On the other hand, in the next group, to which the Psalter map is allied,
and in which the Hereford map is our best example, mythical
learning--drawn from books like Pliny, Solinus, St. Isidore, and
Martianus Capella, which collected stories of beasts and monsters,
stones and men, divine, human, and natural marvels on the principle
Credo quia impossible--has overpowered every other consideration,
and a map of the world becomes a great picture-book of curious objects,
in which the very central and primary interest of geography is lost. But
by the side of and almost at the same time as these specimens of
geographical mythology, geographical science had taken a new start in
the coast charts or portolani of Balearic and Italian seamen, some
specimens of which form our next set of maps.
Dulcert's portolano of 1339 and the Laurentian of 1351 are two