Pitmans Commercial Spanish Grammar | Page 4

she speaks) Ellos (m.) hablan (they speak)
Ellas (f.) hablan (they speak) Usted habla (you speak)[9]. Ustedes
hablan (you speak).[9]
[Footnote 8: The second person is only used in the familiar style,
practically when in English the 2nd person would be addressed as
"John" or "Frank" and not as "Mr. Smith" or "Mr. Brown."]
[Footnote 9: This is called the polite way of addressing and is the form
in use. Note that the verb after it is in the 3rd person, because "Usted,"
"Ustedes" (which can be abbreviated as V. Vs.) are contractions of
Vuestra merced (your grace), Vuestras mercedes (your graces). V. ama
= your grace loves.]
2nd Conjugation. Temer (to fear).
Pres. Part._ Temiendo. _Past Part.
Temido.
Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood.

Yo temo Nosotros (m.) temenos
Nosotras (f.) temenos
Tu temes Vosotros (m.) temeis
Vosotras (f.) temeis
El teme Ellos (m.) temen
Ella teme Ellas (f.) temen
V. teme Vs. temen
3rd Conjugation. Partir (to depart, to set out).
Pres. Part._ Partiendo.
_Past Part. Partido.
Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood.
Yo parto Nosotros (m.) partimos
Nosotras (f.) partimos
Tu partes Vosotros (m.) partis
Vosotras (f.) partis
El parte Ellos (m.) parten
Ella parte Ellas (f.) parten
V. parte Vs. parten
VOCABULARY.
=a=, to, at
=amar=[10], to love
=el arbol=, the tree
=las botas=,
the boots
=el capitan=, the captain
=la camisa=, the shirt
=la
casaca=[11], the coat
=comprar=, to buy
=la flor=, the flower
=el
hombre=, the man
=el hermano=, the brother
=la hermana=, the
sister
=el joven=, the young man
=la joven=, the young woman

=el lapiz=, the pencil
=el libro=, the book
=la madre=, the mother

=mas=, but
=mas=, more
=la mujer=, the woman
=nosotros

tenemos=, we have
=el oro=, gold
=el padre=, the father
=los
pantalones=, the trousers
=el papel=, the paper
=para=, for
=la
plata=, silver
=la pluma=, the pen
=el sombrero=, the hat
=el
tiene=, he has
=V. tiene=, you (sing.) have
=Vs. tienen=, you (pl.)
have
=la tinta=, the ink
=el tintero=, the inkstand
=*tener=,[10] to
have, to possess
=yo tengo=, I have
=el viejo=, the old man
=la
vieja=, the old woman
=la virtud=, virtue
[Footnote 10: The verbs given in this vocabulary and the following are
regular (i.e., they are conjugated respectively as the model verbs given)
unless they are marked with an asterisk.]
[Footnote 11: Or_ americana, _more used now.]
EXERCISE 1 (1).
Translate into English--
0. El hombre tiene una pluma.
0. La mujer tiene un libro.
0. ?Tiene el padre un sombrero?
0. Nosotros tenemos el tintero del (of the) joven.
0. V. tiene el papel y (and) el lapiz de la madre.
0. Vs. tienen la tinta y el papel.
0. Las hermanas aman.
0. El oro y la plata son preciosos (are precious) mas la virtud es (is) mas
preciosa.
0. La vieja y la joven compran flores (flowers).
0. V. vende sombreros.
0. Vs. tienen las cartas.
0. ?Compra[12] V. los pantalones?
0. El Senor (Mr.) Brown es hermano de Juan (John).
0. El sombrero, la americana, y las botas son mios (mine).
0. ?Habla V.?
0. ?Teme ella?
0. Ellos parten.
0. V. parte.

0. Nosotros compramos generos (goods) y vendemos flores.
[Footnote 12: The auxiliary "Do" and "Did," used in English in
interrogative and negative sentences, are not translated in Spanish.]
EXERCISE 2 (2).
Translate into Spanish--
0. The father, the mother, and the brother.
0. A pencil, a pen, and an inkstand.
0. The old man and the old woman.
0. A hat and some boots.
0. The shirt and the trousers.
0. I buy the tree.
0. He sells some flowers (flores).
0. I fear.
0. He fears.
0. We sell.
0. We set out.
0. You (sing.) set out.
0. I buy.
0. He sells.
0. The brother and the sister sell.
0. They speak to the (al) man.
0. We set out for London (Londres).
0. The old woman has the hat.
0. The old man has the flower.
0. Who (quien) has the ink and a pen?
0. The father has the coat.
0. Gold is precious (es precioso) but virtue is more precious (preciosa).
0. I sell paper to the woman.
0. You (sing.) fear.
0. You (plu.) buy some flowers.
0. She speaks to the sister.
0. The father and the mother of the captain.
LESSON II.
(Leccion segunda.)

THE ARTICLE (contd.).

The definite article El_ is contracted with the preposition _de (of or
from) into =Del= and with the preposition A_, into _al as--
Del extranjero: Of or from the foreigner.
Al caballero espanol: To the
Spanish gentleman.
These are the only contractions that occur in Spanish; with the other
prepositions the article simply follows, as--
By, for, with, in,