Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools | Page 2

as possible, more
subject-matter is introduced than is usually included in an elementary
course. Such portions, however, as are unessential to a proper
understanding of the body by the pupil are set in small type, to be used
at the discretion of the teacher.
The use of books of reference is earnestly recommended. For this
purpose the usual high school texts may be employed to good
advantage. A few more advanced works should, however, be frequently
consulted. For this purpose Martin's Human Body (Advanced Course),
Rettger's Advanced Lessons in Physiology, Thornton's Human
Physiology, Huxley's Lessons in Elementary Physiology, Howell's A
Text-book of Physiology, Hough and Sedgwick's Hygiene and
Sanitation, and Pyle's Personal Hygiene will be found serviceable.
In the preparation of this work valuable assistance has been rendered by
Dr. C.N. McAllister, Department of Psychology, and by Professor B.M.
Stigall, Department of Biology, along the lines of their respective
specialties, and in a more general way by President W.J. Hawkins and
others of the Warrensburg, Missouri, State Normal School. Expert
advice from Professor S.D. Magers, Instructor in Physiology and
Bacteriology, State Normal School, Ypsilanti, Michigan, has been
especially helpful, and many practical suggestions from the high school
teachers of physiology of Kansas City, Missouri, Professor C.H.
Nowlin, Central High School, Dr. John W. Scott, Westport High
School, and Professor A.E. Shirling, Manual Training High School, all
of whom read both manuscript and proofs, have been incorporated.
Considerable material for the Practical Work, including the respiration
experiment (page 101) and the reaction time experiment (page 323),
were contributed by Dr. Scott. Professor Nowlin's suggestions on
subject-matter and methods of presentation deserve special mention. To
these and many others the author makes grateful acknowledgment.

F.M.W.
MISSOURI STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, SECOND DISTRICT, May
1, 1909.

CONTENTS
Preface Contents

PART I: THE VITAL PROCESSES


CHAPTER I
- INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II
- GENERAL VIEW OF THE BODY

CHAPTER III
- THE BODY ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER IV

- THE BLOOD

CHAPTER V
- THE CIRCULATION

CHAPTER VI
- THE LYMPH AND ITS MOVEMENT THROUGH THE BODY

CHAPTER VII
- RESPIRATION

CHAPTER VIII
- PASSAGE OF OXYGEN THROUGH THE BODY

CHAPTER IX
- FOODS AND THE THEORY OF DIGESTION

CHAPTER X
- ORGANS AND PROCESSES OF DIGESTION

CHAPTER XI
- ABSORPTION, STORAGE, AND ASSIMILATION

CHAPTER XII
- ENERGY SUPPLY OF THE BODY

CHAPTER XIII
- GLANDS AND THE WORK OF EXCRETION

PART II: MOTION, COORDINATION,
AND SENSATION


CHAPTER XIV
- THE SKELETON

CHAPTER XV
- THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

CHAPTER XVI
- THE SKIN

CHAPTER XVII
- STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

CHAPTER XVIII
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

CHAPTER XIX
- HYGIENE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

CHAPTER XX
- PRODUCTION OF SENSATIONS

CHAPTER XXI
- THE LARYNX AND THE EAR

CHAPTER XXII
- THE EYE

CHAPTER XXIII
- THE GENERAL PROBLEM OF KEEPING WELL APPENDIX
INDEX

PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE



PART I: THE VITAL PROCESSES


CHAPTER I
- INTRODUCTION
To derive strength equal to the daily task; to experience the advantages
of health and avoid the pain, inconvenience, and danger of disease; to
live out contentedly and usefully the natural span of life: these are
problems that concern all people. They are, however, but different
phases of one great problem--the problem of properly managing or
caring for the body. To supply knowledge necessary to the solution of
this problem is the chief reason why the body is studied in our public

schools.
*Divisions of the Subject.*--The body is studied from three standpoints:
structure, use of parts, and care or management. This causes the main
subject to be considered under three heads, known as anatomy,
physiology, and hygiene.
Anatomy treats of the construction of the body--the parts which
compose it, what they are like, and where located. Its main divisions
are known as gross anatomy and histology. Gross anatomy treats of the
larger structures of the body, while histology treats of the minute
structures of which these are composed--parts too small to be seen with
the naked eye and which have to be studied with the aid of the
microscope.
Physiology treats of the function, or use, of the different parts of the
body--the work which the parts do and how they do it--and of their
relations to one another and to the body as a whole.
Hygiene treats of the proper care or management of the body. In a
somewhat narrower sense it treats of the "laws of health." Hygiene is
said to be personal, when applied by the individual to his own body;
domestic, when applied to a small group of people, as the family; and
public, or general, when applied to the community as a whole or to the
race.
*The