Peter the Great

Peter the Great, by Jacob Abbott

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Title: Peter the Great
Author: Jacob Abbott

Release Date: June 21, 2007 [eBook #21889]
Language: English
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Makers of History
PETER THE GREAT
by
JACOB ABBOTT
With Engravings

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF PETER THE GREAT.]

New York and London Harper & Brothers Publishers 1902
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, by Harper & Brothers, In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York.
Copyright, 1887, by Benjamin Vaughan Abbott, Austin Abbott, Lyman Abbott, and Edward Abbott.

PREFACE.
There are very few persons who have not heard of the fame of Peter the Great, the founder, as he is generally regarded by mankind, of Russian civilization. The celebrity, however, of the great Muscovite sovereign among young persons is due in a great measure to the circumstance of his having repaired personally to Holland, in the course of his efforts to introduce the industrial arts among his people, in order to study himself the art and mystery of shipbuilding, and of his having worked with his own hands in a ship-yard there. The little shop where Peter pursued these practical studies still stands in Saardam, a ship-building town not far from Amsterdam. The building is of wood, and is now much decayed; but, to preserve it from farther injury, it has been incased in a somewhat larger building of brick, and it is visited annually by great numbers of curious travelers.
The whole history of Peter, as might be expected from the indications of character developed by this incident, forms a narrative that is full of interest and instruction for all.

[Transcriber's note: In the original book, each page had a header summarizing the contents of that page. These headers have been collected into introductory paragraphs at the start of each chapter. The headers also contain the year in which the events on the page took place. These dates have been placed between the chapter title and the introductory paragraph, in the form of a date range, e.g., for Chapter I, "1676-1684."]

CONTENTS.
Chapter
I.
THE PRINCESS SOPHIA II. THE PRINCESS'S DOWNFALL III. THE CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH OF PETER IV. LE FORT AND MENZIKOFF V. COMMENCEMENT OF THE REIGN VI. THE EMPEROR'S TOUR VII. CONCLUSION OF THE TOUR VIII. THE REBELLION IX. REFORMS X. THE BATTLE OF NARVA XI. THE BUILDING OF ST. PETERSBURG XII. THE REVOLT OF MAZEPPA XIII. THE BATTLE OF PULTOWA XIV. THE EMPRESS CATHARINE XV. THE PRINCE ALEXIS XVI. THE FLIGHT OF ALEXIS XVII. THE TRIAL XVIII. THE CONDEMNATION AND DEATH OF ALEXIS XIX. CONCLUSION

ENGRAVINGS.
PORTRAIT OF PETER . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontispiece.
THE ESCAPE
MENZIKOFF SELLING HIS CAKES
PETER AMONG THE SHIPPING
PETER TURNING EXECUTIONER
MAP OF THE RUSSIAN AND SWEDISH FRONTIER
STRATAGEMS OF THE SWEDES
SITUATION OF ST. PETERSBURG
FLIGHT OF THE KING OF SWEDEN
THE EMPRESS CATHARINE
THE CZAR'S VISIT TO ALEXIS IN PRISON

PETER THE GREAT.
CHAPTER I.
THE PRINCESS SOPHIA.
1676-1684
Parentage of Peter--His father's double marriage--Death of his father--The princesses--Their places of seclusion--Theodore and John--Sophia uneasy in the convent--Her request--Her probable motives--Her success--Increase of her influence--Jealousies--Parties formed--The imperial guards--Their character and influence--Dangers--Sophia and the soldiers--Sophia's continued success--Death of Theodore--Peter proclaimed--Plots formed by Sophia--Revolution--Means of exciting the people--Poisoning--Effect of the stories that were circulating--Peter and his mother--The Monastery of the Trinity--Natalia's flight--Narrow escape of Peter--Commotion in the city--Sophia is unsuccessful--Couvansky's schemes--Sophia's attempt to appease the soldiers--No effect produced--Couvansky's views--His plan of a marriage for his son--Indignation of Sophia--A stratagem--Couvansky falls into the snare--Excitement produced by his death--Galitzin--Measures adopted by him--They are successful
The circumstances under which Peter the Great came to the throne form a very remarkable--indeed, in some respects, quite a romantic story.
The name of his father, who reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1645 to 1676, was Alexis Michaelowitz. In the course of his life, this Emperor Alexis was twice married. By his first wife he had two sons, whose names were Theodore and John,[1] and four daughters. The names of the daughters were Sophia, Catharine, Mary, and Sediassa. By his second wife he had two children--a son and a daughter. The name of the son was Peter, and that of the daughter was Natalia Alexowna. Of all these children, those with whom we have most to do are the two oldest sons, Theodore and John, and the oldest daughter, Sophia, by the first wife; and Peter, the oldest son by the second