Outspoken Essays

Outspoken Essays, by William
Ralph Inge

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Title: Outspoken Essays
Author: William Ralph Inge
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Language: English
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OUTSPOKEN ESSAYS
BY

WILLIAM RALPH INGE, C.V.O., D.D.
DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S
FIFTH IMPRESSION
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO 39 PATERNOSTER ROW,
LONDON FOURTH AVENUE & 30TH STREET, NEW YORK
BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, AND MADRAS
1920

PREFACE
All the Essays in this volume, except the first, have appeared in the
Edinburgh Review, the Quarterly Review, or the Hibbert Journal. I
have to thank the Publishers and Editors of those Reviews for their
courtesy in permitting me to reprint them. The articles on The
Birth-Rate, The Future of the English Race, Bishop Gore and the
Church of England, and Cardinal Newman are from the Edinburgh
Review; those on Patriotism, Catholic Modernism, St. Paul, and The
Indictment against Christianity are from the Quarterly Review; those
on Institutionalism and Mysticism and Survival and Immortality from
the Hibbert Journal. I have not attempted to remove all traces of
overlapping, which I hope may be pardoned in essays written
independently of each other; but a few repetitions have been excised.

CONTENTS
PAGE
I. OUR PRESENT DISCONTENTS 1
II. PATRIOTISM 35
III. THE BIRTH-RATE 59

IV. THE FUTURE OF THE ENGLISH RACE 82
V. BISHOP GORE AND THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND 106
VI. ROMAN CATHOLIC MODERNISM 137
VII. CARDINAL NEWMAN 172
VIII. ST. PAUL 205
IX. INSTITUTIONALISM AND MYSTICISM 230
X. THE INDICTMENT AGAINST CHRISTIANITY 243
XI. SURVIVAL AND IMMORTALITY 266

Photera theleist soi malthaka pseydhê lhegô, hê sklhêr' alêthhê; phrhaze,
shê gar hê krhisist.
Euripides.
The case of historical writers is hard; for if they tell the truth they
provoke man, and if they write what is false they offend God.--Matthew
Paris.
Quattuor sunt maxime comprehendendae veritatis offendicula; videlicet,
fragilis et indignae auctoritatis exemplum, consuetudinis diuturnitas,
vulgi sensus imperiti, et propriae ignorantiae occultatio cum
ostentatione sapientiae superioris.--Roger Bacon.
Iudicio perpende; et si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus; aut si falsum est,
accingere contra.
Lucretius.
Eventu rerum stolidi didicere magistro.
Claudian.

'All' hê toi men tahyta thehôn en gohynasi kehitai.
Homer.

I
OUR PRESENT DISCONTENTS
(AUGUST, 1919)
The Essays in this volume were written at various times before and
during the Great War. In reading them through for republication, I have
to ask myself whether my opinions on social science and on the state of
religion, the two subjects which are mainly dealt with in this collection,
have been modified by the greatest calamity which has ever befallen
the civilised world, or by the issue of the struggle. I find very little that
I should now wish to alter. The war has caused events to move faster,
but in the same direction as before. The social revolution has been
hurried on; the inevitable counter-revolution has equally been brought
nearer. For if there is one safe generalisation in human affairs, it is that
revolutions always destroy themselves. How often have fanatics
proclaimed 'the year one'! But no revolutionary era has yet reached
'year twenty-five.' As regards the national character, there is no sign, I
fear, that much wisdom has been learnt. We are more wasteful and
reckless than ever. The doctrinaire democrat still vapours about
democracy, though representative government has obviously lost both
its power and its prestige. The labour party still hugs its comprehensive
assortment of economic heresies. Organised religion remains as
impotent as it was before the war. But one fact has emerged with
startling clearness. Human nature has not been changed by civilisation.
It has neither been levelled up nor levelled down to an average
mediocrity. Beneath the dingy uniformity of international fashions in
dress, man remains what he has always been--a splendid fighting
animal, a self-sacrificing hero, and a bloodthirsty savage. Human
nature is at once sublime and horrible, holy and satanic. Apart from the
accumulation of knowledge and experience, which are external and

precarious acquisitions, there is no proof that we have changed much
since the first stone age.
The war itself, as we shall soon be compelled to recognise, had its roots
deep in the political and social structure of Europe. The growth of
wealth and population, and the law of diminishing returns, led to a
scramble for unappropriated lands producing the raw materials of
industry. It was, in a sense, a war of capital; but