Organic Syntheses | Page 4

has been carried out in at
least two laboratories. Only after exact duplication of the results in both
laboratories are the directions considered ready for publication. The
names of the chemists who have studied the various experiments are
given so that further information concerning any obscure point can be
obtained if any question arises in using these directions. And finally, in
describing the experiments, special attention has been given to the
explanation of why it is necessary to follow the directions carefully,
and what will happen if these directions are not followed.
Although the main object in this series is to give the most convenient
laboratory methods for preparing various substances in one-half to five
pound lots, an attempt has also been made to have these processes as
far as possible adaptable to large scale development. For example,
extractions have been avoided wherever possible, cheap solvents have
been sub-stituted for expensive ones, and mechanical agitation, a
procedure extremely important in the success of many commercial
processes, has usually been specified. The apparatus used is always
carefully described and wherever necessary an illustration is given.
Accompanying each preparation there will be found a bibliography
containing references to all the methods for the production of the

substance described in the literature. This is given in order to aid any
future investigator who may wish to study or improve the methods of
preparation. It is not claimed that the methods are, in every case,
completely perfect, but only that the yields are very satisfactory and
allow the production of the substances at a reasonable cost. It is hoped
therefore that the pamphlets will benefit not only the scientific research
man of the university, but also the technical chemist who desires to
develop the preparation of one of these substances to a large scale
process of manufacture. The editors trust also that this work may be
used to advantage as a preparation manual in intermediate or advanced
courses in organic chemistry in university laboratories, and that it will
aid small colleges in the production of necessary reagents which they
are often financially unable to purchase.
The pamphlets are to be edited by the following committee: Roger
Adams, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; J. B. Conant, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; H. T. Clarke, Eastman Kodak
Company, Rochester, New York; Oliver Kamm, Parke, Davis
Company, Detroit, Michigan; each to act for one year as editor-in-chief
and the other three to assist him as associate editors. A new number of
the series will appear annually, and every five years the data will be
rearranged, revised, corrected, and then published in book form. The
number of preparations to be completed yearly is not fixed. There will
be, it is certain, about twenty; and it is hoped, as the interest is
stimulated in this work, that this number may increase considerably.
The editors especially desire to solicit contributions from other
chemists, not only in this country but abroad. Whenever a compound is
thoroughly and extensively studied in connection with some research, it
is hoped that complete directions for its preparation will be assembled
and sent to the editor. He will then have them checked and published in
a subsequent number. Directions for the preparation of substances
already on the market are needed to make this work complete and will
be gladly accepted.
It will, of course, be recognized that an occasional mistake or omission
will inevitably be found in such a pamphlet as this which contains so
many references and formulae. The committee on publication will
therefore deem it a favor if they are notified when any such error is
discovered. It is hoped also that if any chemist knows a better method

for the preparation of any of the compounds considered, or if anyone
discovers any improvements in the methods, he will furnish the authors
with such information. Any points which may arise in regard to the
various preparations will be gladly discussed. In conclusion, the editors
are ready to do all they can to make this. work successful, and welcome
suggestions of any kind. They feel that the success of the series will
undoubtedly depend upon the cooperation of others, and as its success
promises to be important to research chemists, the editors urge all
interested to assist. THE EDITORS

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I.
BENZALACETOPHENONE...........................1 II. BENZYL
BENZOATE.............................5 III. BENZYL
CYANIDE.............................9 IV. a,
g-DICHLOROACETONE..............13 V.
_p_-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZALDEHYDE..................17 VI.
ETHYL OXALATE...............................23 VII. ETHYL
PHENYLACETATE........................27 VIII. GLYCEROL a,
g-DICHLOROHYDRIN....29 IX. GLYCEROL
a-MONOCHLORORYDRIN............33 X. HYDRAZINE
SULFATE............................37 XI.
MESITYLENE..................................41 XII. METHYL
RED.................................47 XIII. _p_-NITROBENZOIC
ACID.......................53 XIV. _p_-NITROBENZYL
CYAI~DE......................57 XV. _p_-NITROPHENYLACETIC
ACID....................59 XVI. NITROSO-b-NAPHTHOL....................61
XVII. PHENYLACETIC ACID.........................63 XVIII.
PHENYLACETYLENE..........................67 XIX.
PHENYLHYDRAZINE............................71 XX.
PHTHALIMIDE.................................75 XXI.
QUINOLINE..................................79 XXII.
QUINONE...................................85 XXIII. SODIUM
_p_-TOLUENESULFINATE................89 XXIV.
1,3,5-TRINTROBENZENE......................93 XXV.
2,4,6-TRINTROBENZOIC ACID..................95
INDEX.....................................99

ORGANIC SYNTHESES
I
BENZALACETOPHENONE
C6H5CHO + C6H5COCH3 + (NaOH)--> C6H5CH=CHCOC6H5 +
H2O
Prepared by E. P. KOHLER and