On the Study of Zoology | Page 3

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This etext was prepared by Amy E. Zelmer. This etext is based on^M
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE2/Hypo.html^M

ON THE STUDY OF ZOOLOGY*
by Thomas H. Huxley

[footnote] *A Lecture delivered at the South Kensington Museum in
1861.
NATURAL HISTORY is the name familiarly applied to the study of
the properties of such natural bodies as minerals, plants, and animals;
the sciences which embody the knowledge man has acquired upon
these subjects are commonly termed Natural Sciences, in
contradistinction to other so-called "physical" sciences; and those who
devote themselves especially to the pursuit of such sciences have been
and are commonly termed "Naturalists."
Linnaeus was a naturalist in this wide sense, and his 'Systema Naturae'
was a work upon natural history, in the broadest acceptation of the term;
in it, that great methodising spirit embodied all that was known in his
time of the distinctive characters of minerals, animals, and plants. But
the enormous stimulus which Linnaeus gave to the investigation of
nature soon rendered it impossible that any one man should write
another 'Systema Naturae,' and extremely difficult for any one to
become even a naturalist such as Linnaeus was.
Great as have been the advances made by all the three branches of
science, of old included under the title of natural history, there can be
no doubt that zoology and botany have grown in an enormously greater
ratio than mineralogy; and hence, as I suppose, the name of "natural
history" has gradually become more and more definitely attached to
these prominent divisions of the subject, and by "naturalist" people
have meant more and more distinctly to imply a student of the structure
and function of living beings.
However this may be, it is certain that the advance of knowledge has
gradually widened the distance between mineralogy and its old
associates, while it has drawn zoology and botany closer together; so
that of late years it has been found convenient (and indeed necessary)
to associate the sciences which deal with vitality and all its phenomena
under the common head of "biology"; and the biologists have come to
repudiate any blood-relationship with their foster-brothers, the
mineralogists.
Certain broad laws have a