On Some Fossil Remains of Man | Page 3

and exclusions may not apply to you, and you may have
other legal rights.
INDEMNITY
You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors, officers,
members and agents harmless from all liability, cost and expense,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this etext, [2]
alteration, modification, or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect.
DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm"
You may distribute copies of this etext electronically, or by disk, book
or any other medium if you either delete this "Small Print!" and all
other references to Project Gutenberg, or:
[1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this requires that
you do not remove, alter or modify the etext or this "small print!"
statement. You may however, if you wish, distribute this etext in
machine readable binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form,
including any form resulting from conversion by word processing or
hypertext software, but only so long as *EITHER*:
[*] The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and does *not*

contain characters other than those intended by the author of the work,
although tilde (~), asterisk (*) and underline (i) characters may be used
to convey punctuation intended by the author, and additional characters
may be used to indicate hypertext links; OR
[*] The etext may be readily converted by the reader at no expense into
plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent form by the program that displays
the etext (as is the case, for instance, with most word processors); OR
[*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at no additional
cost, fee or expense, a copy of the etext in its original plain ASCII form
(or in EBCDIC or other equivalent proprietary form).
[2] Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this "Small
Print!" statement.
[3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Project of 20% of the gross
profits you derive calculated using the method you already use to
calculate your applicable taxes. If you don't derive profits, no royalty is
due. Royalties are payable to "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation" the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were
legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax
return. Please contact us beforehand to let us know your plans and to
work out the details.
WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU
DON'T HAVE TO?
The Project gratefully accepts contributions of money, time, public
domain etexts, and royalty free copyright licenses. If you are interested
in contributing scanning equipment or software or other items, please
contact Michael Hart at: [email protected]
*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN
ETEXTS*Ver.04.07.00*END*

This etext was prepared by Amy E. Zelmer.

ON SOME FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAN
by Thomas H. Huxley

I HAVE endeavoured to show, in the preceding Essay, that the
ANTHROPINI, or Man Family, form a very well defined group of the
Primates, between which and the immediately following Family, the
CATARHINI, there is, in the existing world, the same entire absence of
any transitional form or connecting link, as between the CATARHINI
and PLATYRHINI.
It is a commonly received doctrine, however, that the structural
intervals between the various existing modifications of organic beings
may be diminished, or even obliterated, if we take into account the long
and varied succession of animals and plants which have preceded those
now living and which are known to us only by their fossilized remains.
How far this doctrine is well based, how far, on the other hand, as our
knowledge at present stands, it is an overstatement of the real facts of
the case, and an exaggeration of the conclusions fairly deducible from
them, are points of grave importance, but into the discussion of which I
do not, at present, propose to enter. It is enough that such a view of the
relations of extinct to living beings has been propounded, to lead us to
inquire, with anxiety, how far the recent discoveries of human remains
in a fossil state bear out, or oppose, that view.
I shall confine myself, in discussing this question, to those fragmentary
Human skulls from the caves of Engis in the valley of the Meuse, in
Belgium, and of the Neanderthal near Dusseldorf, the geological
relations of which have been examined with so much care by Sir
Charles Lyell; upon whose high authority I shall take it for granted, that
the Engis skull belonged to a contemporary of the Mammoth ('Elephas
primigenius') and of the woolly Rhinoceros ('Rhinoceros tichorhinus'),
with the bones of which it was found associated; and that the
Neanderthal skull is of great, though uncertain, antiquity. Whatever be
the geological age of the latter skull, I conceive it is quite safe (on the

ordinary principles of paleontological reasoning) to