On Books and The Housing of Them | Page 3

libraries even in
the West, formed by Charlemagne and by others after him. We are told
that Alcuin, in writing to the great monarch, spoke with longing of the

relative wealth of England in these precious estates. Mr. Edwards,
whom I have already quoted, mentions Charles the Fifth of France, in
1365, as a collector of manuscripts. But some ten years back the
Director of the Bibliotheque Nationale informed me that the French
King John collected twelve hundred manuscripts, at that time an
enormous library, out of which several scores where among the
treasures in his care. Mary of Medicis appears to have amassed in the
sixteenth century, probably with far less effort, 5,800 volumes.[9]
Oxford had before that time received noble gifts for her University
Library. And we have to recollect with shame and indignation that that
institution was plundered and destroyed by the Commissioners of the
boy King Edward the Sixth, acting in the name of the Reformation of
Religion. Thus it happened that opportunity was left to a private
individual, the munificent Sir Thomas Bodley, to attach an individual
name to one of the famous libraries of the world. It is interesting to
learn that municipal bodies have a share in the honor due to
monasteries and sovereigns in the collection of books; for the Common
Council of Aix purchased books for a public library in 1419.[10]
Louis the Fourteenth, of evil memory, has at least this one good deed to
his credit, that he raised the Royal Library at Paris, founded two
centuries before, to 70,000 volumes. In 1791 it had 150,000 volumes. It
profited largely by the Revolution. The British Museum had only
reached 115,000 when Panizzi became keeper in 1837. Nineteen years
afterward he left it with 560,000, a number which must now have more
than doubled. By his noble design for occupying the central quadrangle,
a desert of gravel until his time, he provided additional room for
1,200,000 volumes. All this apparently enormous space for
development is being eaten up with fearful rapidity; and such is the
greed of the splendid library that it opens its jaws like Hades, and
threatens shortly to expel the antiquities from the building, and
appropriate the places they adorn.
But the proper office of hasty retrospect in a paper like this is only to
enlarge by degrees, like the pupil of an eye, the reader's contemplation
and estimate of the coming time, and to prepare him for some practical
suggestions of a very humble kind. So I take up again the thread of my

brief discourse. National libraries draw upon a purse which is
bottomless. But all public libraries are not national. And the case even
of private libraries is becoming, nay, has become, very serious for all
who are possessed by the inexorable spirit of collection, but whose
ardor is perplexed and qualified, or even baffled, by considerations
springing from the balance-sheet.
The purchase of a book is commonly supposed to end, even for the
most scrupulous customer, with the payment of the bookseller's bill.
But this is a mere popular superstition. Such payment is not the last, but
the first term in a series of goodly length. If we wish to give to the
block a lease of life equal to that of the pages, the first condition is that
it should be bound. So at least one would have said half a century ago.
But, while books are in the most instances cheaper, binding, from
causes which I do not understand, is dearer, at least in England, than it
was in my early years, so that few can afford it.[11] We have, however,
the tolerable and very useful expedient of cloth binding (now in some
danger, I fear, of losing its modesty through flaring ornamentation) to
console us. Well, then, bound or not, the book must of necessity be put
into a bookcase. And the bookcase must be housed. And the house
must be kept. And the library must be dusted, must be arranged, should
be catalogued. What a vista of toil, yet not unhappy toil! Unless indeed
things are to be as they now are in at least one princely mansion of this
country, where books, in thousands upon thousands, are jumbled
together with no more arrangement than a sack of coals; where not
even the sisterhood of consecutive volumes has been respected; where
undoubtedly an intending reader may at the mercy of Fortune take
something from the shelves that is a book; but where no particular book
can except by the purest accident, be found.
Such being the outlook, what are we to do with our books? Shall we be
buried under them like Tarpeia under the Sabine shields? Shall we
renounce them (many will, or will do worse, will keep to the most